Penetanguishene Charter Violation :: essays research papers

In Penetanguishene, the virtue now says that anyone under 16 out after 12am result be interpreted home.This was on VR News tonight, the reasons they listed--a skate park had been graffitied and a park bench was slightly burned in a fire. These every last(predicate) seem a shrimpy light to me, I guess to a town of less than 9000 race, its very severe, but is that an excuse to defy the Constitutional rights of Canadians?I have so some problems with this, I dont know where to begin. I think Ill start with the Charter, section 15. (1) "Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal trade protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability." Id like to stress on equal protection and equal benefit without discrimination based on age. What is this? Its discriminating based on age. Peneta nguishene has introduced a law targeted at a group of people, without taking in any individual merit (more on this later), and using age as the target point. We all have to remember that just because someone is a minor, it does not give the right for the government to abuse them. Unless it can be proven that all people in Penetanguishene under 16 out after 12am are committing a crime or are planning to commit a crime, this law is unconstitutional.This law infringes on section 2. c) by depriving the right to peaceful assembly as the police will not take into account what the people are doing and will take home anyone and everyone fitting the already deemed unconstitutional preset criteria. It infringes on section 7., it deprives liberty of these people to not give them the choice, and the reasons do not affect the principles of fundamental evaluator at all.So, what does the local Ontario Provincial Police have to say about enforcing an unconstitutional curfew? "Its not a curfew& quot. According to the OPP, they are not introducing any youthful law, simply enforcing an already passed law (regrettably I can neither remember which jurisdiction it was under or what it was called, something about Youth and Family Services).A good incredulity is whats the point of fighting this, Burlington has curfew bylaws and I dont say anything about them. Well its simple, Burlingtons curfew is there in case it has to be used, like a police officers sidearm, they dont go virtually shooting everyone for anything, but should the rare occurrence that they need it, its there.

Human Resource Management :: Business, Team Work, Hero Cycle

1.1IntroductionIn every organization there are most key roles like motivation, lead, training, staffing employment and developments which are performed by Human Resource Management. These performances are deeply link with each other to the role of leadership and motivations in the organizations. These are the basic and fundamental functions in every organization as well as in the whole of human resource management. It is also related with the role of leadership, motivation, and aims of objectives of the organization. As per this chapter the human resource management will be discussed thoroughly and as a result, it will be related with the role of leadership and motivation in the organization. According to the aims and objects of the study, this chapter will also discuss the literature in connection with the role of leadership and motivation in the Indian manufacturing units and the Indian organization.1.1 Company Profile Hero cycle is a creation of belief. The philosophy there is a team work, commitment and their s prudence. They started their journey before the INDO-PAK musical interval (before independence).the four brothers started it that has everything unity, leadership, hardworking and they all were behind their mission. They started their business in 1956 with the key components of cycle and after that they started to assemble the entire cycle in their Ludhiana plant. With their full committal and with motivation in their employees they started growing their production and attracting the highly skilled engineers administrators as well as the entrepreneurs. They products 18500 cycles in one day and they have highest global reckoning. With 48% share this amount has catapulted the organization hero cycle in the Guinness Books of World record in year 1986 and they have maintained their status till nowadays in the international cycle market place. Hero group has a highest rank in the top most 10 Indian business houses included with 18 companies. There estimated turnover is US$1.8 billion during the year 2003-2004.in 1960 only few of companies were interested in export but in 1963 the hero group entered in the overseas market. One time the export business was restricted in Africa and Middle East but now 50% of the market they are demanding glut from the hero cycle and they are fulfilling and meet the requirements of Europe and America also. Due to their best quality and excellent services they are developing their status and their market value in the bicycle market (www.herocycle.com).1.2 Aims and objectives of the research

Speech Com -- essays research papers

Attention getter Have you watched the news lately? Even if you havent, you still probably have heard something about the disputes in and around Jerusalem. These disputes have been all overtaking on for centuries. Many different groups of people have fought to control Jerusalem over the years but we are going to focus on the current majority parties from today. From the information I found on CNN.com and the Jerusalem Post, I concluded that the Israelis and the Palestinians are currently fighting over who should control Jerusalem and how it should be run. The major problems between these to groups started in 1948 when the British Mandate partitioned Palestine into separate Moslem and Jewish states. Now, Palestine is majority Muslim while Israel is mostly Jewish. Well, under the Mandate, Jerusalem was given to the Jews to control by the UN as a reimbursement for what their people went through during WWII. This made the Palestinians mad because their third holiest mosque is present ly in a foreign run state. The Jews are mad because now they control the land but cant do what they involve. They want to build a new Hebrew Temple of Solomon to replace the one that was destroyed a very long time ago. The big problem is is that the exact location of where they want to put the temple is in the exact location where the Muslims mosque is located. Thats not all they are fighting about however. They are to a fault fighting about how Jerusalem should be governed. Israelis want to keep it free for all religion...

Premature Infancy Essay -- Babies Birth Early Premature Essays

Premature InfancyPremature babies, otherwise known as preterm babies, or preemies, argonbabies that are born earlier than the mature of thirty-eight to forty-twoweeks of pregnancy. These babies are gener in ally born between the twentieth andthirty-eighth week. Almost 250,000 babies, n primal seven percent of newborns,are premature(Golant 4). Prematurity, even with all the advances in technology,is still a major cause of fetal and neonatal death. Actually, around seventy-five percent of perinatal deaths are due to a go of problems associatedwith prematurity(Freeman 232). Premature babies are very weak and defenseless,and need to be hospitalized. One reason for this is that a baby may becomestartled into shock by a loud sound or even bright light. This occurs becausemany babies have fully-developed senses and underdeveloped organs, which maybecome a problem, since the brain may non be developed well enough to be ableto distinguish these different senses, which causes the baby to p anic and losecontrol of its actions.The main underdeveloped split of a premature baby are its organs,chiefly the lungs and the brain. The lungs are developed in the last few weeksof pregnancy, and if the child is born before the thirty sixth week, he/she mayrequire some special attention. Usually, the child is monitored closely forthe first few weeks of its life, in order to make sure there is no problemswith the breathing or any other function of its body. The premature baby willprobably need supplemental type O to help it through the early stages, butrarely will it need an actual respirator or other life-supporting device on afull-time twenty four time of day basis. In fact, giving the baby too much oxygen maycomplicate problems, such as damages to the eyes. This is caused by a over-abundance of oxygen in the blood stream, which in turn causes the blood vesselsof the eye to expand, damaging the eye. This problem is one of the mainconcerns when bearing a pre-term baby versus a condition baby.Another difference, probably the most noticeable one, is the size andweight of the baby. A preemie will look thin and helpless, and will also have downright skin. Blood vessels, veins and bones are sometimes visible throughthe skin of these babies. This is because the skin of a premature baby is veryfragile and tend... ... eight to forty twoweeks, and must get rid of the children from the uterus in order to return thebody to normal and prevent any injuries from occurring inside the mothers womb.Many advances are occurring everyday which enable mothers to feel saferwith the care of premature babies. New drugs are being developed and newmethods are being tested to ensure the security measure of a preemie, enabling the rateof deaths and the rate of premature babies born to both be sinked. Asrecently as 1986, premature babies had a much lower chance of survival, andwith the help of experts, this factor has been greatly reduced. Hopefully, bythe time our generation or o ur childrens generation begins to think aboutbearing children, there will not be much of a risk of having a premature baby.Works CitedFreeman, Roger, and Pescar, Susan. Safe Delivery Protecting Your Baby DuringHigh-Risk Pregnancy. New York Facts on File, Inc., 1982. Golant, Susan and Ludington, Susan. Kangaroo manage The Best You Can Do To HelpYour Preterm Infant. New York Bantam Books, 1993. Griesemer, Bernard and Pfister, Fred. The Littlest Baby. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall Inc., 1983.

Gustav von Aschenbachs Death in Venice Essay -- Thomas Mann Literatur

Gustav von Aschenbachs Death in VenicePrior to his encounter with Tadzio, Gustav von Aschenbach in Death in Venice is non an artist to be creatively inspired by esthetic beauty. Rather, his motivation derives from a desire to be accepted and appreciated by his audience, his whole soul, from the very beginning, being bent on fame. 1 Nor does Aschenbach create in moments of ecstasy being called to the constant tension of his career, not actually born to it (9), he is able to write only through rigid isolation and self-discipline. But though he is able thereby to win the adhesion of the general public and the admiration, both sympathetic and stimulating, of the connoisseur (9), Aschenbach reaches a creative impasse, getting no joy of his work-- not though a nation paid it homage (7). And, one day, unable to check the motus animus continuus or source of eloquence within him, be wanders to the normality Cemetery where be encounters a mysterious vagabond and then, impelled to travel f urther, journeys to Pola and finally to Venice. On the steamer to Venice, Aschenbach asks his own weary heart if a tonic enthusiasm, a new preoccupation, some late adventure of the feeling could be in store for the idle traveler (19). He finds a positive get along in the person of Tadzio, the strikingly beautiful Polish boy with whom be becomes increasingly infatuated to the extent that he is unwilling to leave Venice despite its menacing forebodings. At the end of the novellas third chapter, Aschenbach, realizing that leaving Venice is too difficult for Tadzios sake ( 40), forsakes his4C closed fist discipline and surrenders to his growing passions the fourth chapter culminates in his confession of chouse and longing for Tadzio. In ... ... Erich, The Ironic German A Study of Thomas Mann (Boston Little, Brown and Co., 1958). Heller, Peter, Thomas Manns Conception of the Creative Writer, PMLA, 69 (September 1954), 764. Mann, Thomas, Death in Venice and some other Stories, tran s. H. T. Lowe-Porter, (New York Vintage).Mann, Thomas, Letters of Thomas Mann, selected and translated by Richard and Clara Winston, (New York Knopf, 1971).Plato, Phaedrus, trans. R. Hackforth, in Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, eds. The Collected Dialogues of Plato (New York Pantheon, 1966).Rey, W., Tragic Aspects of the Artist in Thomas Manns Works, Modern Language Quarterly, 19 (September 1958).Rosenthal, M. L. The Corruption of Aschenbach, The University of Kansas Review, 14 (1947),Traschen, Isadore, The social function of Myth in Death in Venice, Modern Fiction Studies, 11 (Summer 1965).

Gustav von Aschenbachs Death in Venice Essay -- Thomas Mann Literatur

Gustav von Aschenbachs remnant in VenicePrior to his encounter with Tadzio, Gustav von Aschenbach in Death in Venice is not an artist to be creatively animate by sensuous beauty. Rather, his motivation derives from a desire to be accepted and appreciated by his audience, his whole soul, from the very beginning, being bent on fame. 1 Nor does Aschenbach create in moments of ecstasy being called to the constant tension of his career, not actually born to it (9), he is able to write only through rigid isolation and self-discipline. alone though he is able thereby to win the adhesion of the general public and the admiration, both sympathetic and stimulating, of the connoisseur (9), Aschenbach reaches a creative impasse, getting no joy of his work-- not though a nation paid it homage (7). And, one day, unable to check the motus animus continuus or source of eloquence inwardly him, be wanders to the North Cemetery where be encounters a mysterious vagabond and then, impelled to travel further, journeys to Pola and finally to Venice. On the steamer to Venice, Aschenbach asks his own weary nervus if a new enthusiasm, a new preoccupation, some late adventure of the feeling could be in store for the idle traveler (19). He finds a positive answer in the person of Tadzio, the strikingly beautiful Polish boy with whom be becomes increasingly infatuated to the extent that he is unwilling to pull out Venice despite its ominous forebodings. At the end of the novellas third chapter, Aschenbach, realizing that leaving Venice is too difficult for Tadzios sake ( 40), forsakes his4C closed fist discipline and surrenders to his growing passions the fourth chapter culminates in his confession of love and longing for Tadzio. In ... ... Erich, The Ironic German A Study of Thomas Mann (Boston Little, Brown and Co., 1958). Heller, Peter, Thomas Manns Conception of the Creative Writer, PMLA, 69 (September 1954), 764. Mann, Thomas, Death in Venice and Other Stories, trans. H. T. Lo we-Porter, (New York Vintage).Mann, Thomas, Letters of Thomas Mann, selected and translated by Richard and Clara Winston, (New York Knopf, 1971).Plato, Phaedrus, trans. R. Hackforth, in Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, eds. The Collected Dialogues of Plato (New York Pantheon, 1966).Rey, W., Tragic Aspects of the Artist in Thomas Manns Works, Modern Language Quarterly, 19 (September 1958).Rosenthal, M. L. The decadence of Aschenbach, The University of Kansas Review, 14 (1947),Traschen, Isadore, The Use of Myth in Death in Venice, Modern Fiction Studies, 11 (Summer 1965).

Hiring and Firing Essay

This essay will identify and discuss the different recruitment and selection utilisations of organizations in the UK and these performs will be comp bed to the counterparts in the rest of European Countries. The essay will also comment on the pitfalls in the UK organizations which see led to tied pass on of the managers in these corporations. The terminating practices in the organizations of UK will also be discussed and the pitfalls will be compargond to the companies based in the European Countries.This is the reason why fewer students are choosing IT related fields in their graduate degrees as there are no jobs available for the locals in these companies. This is a pitfall that has been dug by these IT companies themselves as they will not ask for any talent from the local market if there is a restriction of off-shoring in the future (MarketWatch 2006). Poor Recruitment Practice in UK A populate assessment accompany, Talent Q that helps employers in managing and recruiting talent, has found many companies and managers to be taking poor decisions routinely when hiring employees.There are many bad consequences of this poor hiring practice as the fall in productivity is equal to GBP 2,400 per annum for each worker who finds himself misplaced in a job which he does not want to do or is not capable of performing. Effectively, the aggregate amount goes up to GBP 5million per annum for the economy of UK (M2PressWIRE 2007). According to an official survey of Talent Q, 24 percent of the employees who were recruited were not asked to feature an aptitude test and another 44 percent of the personnel who were hired were not short-listed using any personality test.Based on 25 days of academic research across many companies of large scale, these findings were processed with a model which is universally accepted. This model demonstrates the cast iron effectiveness of the assessment. The reliable extent of the issues for the employers became clear when these resul ts were combined with salary data from Office for National Statistics. The CEO of Talent Q commented that the organizations often fail to employ people on the basis of aptitude test and personality test.However, employing people on the basis of gut feeling is by far the worst employment technique known, whereas many studies have shown that when employers use assessment techniques to find out the personaliy and aptitude of a person, they get much better results (M2PressWIRE 2007). Word of Mouth Recruiting The applicants who apply through word-of-mouth are found to be more suitable than the recruits obtained by advertising and are more likely to stay longer in the job. However, it is not always the suit of clothes that the best candidate for a job is selected through word-of-mouth applications.This practice for recruitment is beingness practiced in the UK at higher rates among the senior(a) levels and is known as headhunting. The objective of these seniors is to fill the higher pa ying jobs with the people whom they know or are there relatives (HRM Guide Network 2007). Promise of Bonuses The ascertain of bonuses while recruiting the employees has been the worst pitfall of the recruitment practices in the UK. Mercer Consulting has found through research that the overall pay of CEOs in the UK from bonuses has grown from 13 percent to 19 percent in 2004 (Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2004).There has been a major effect on the earnings growth rates in the UK because of the large sum up of bonuses that were paid in the recent years (Freeman 2002). This practice of attracting talent through offering bonuses does not guarantee a motivated employee. This ensures only that decisions are do by the employees that get him the bonuses and these decisions may harm the company in the long-run. The companies in the UK are also using bonuses as a tool for employee retention and this practice is becoming quite common in the UK economy.However, the new plan to attract new talent and to lay off the existing employees is not in the hands of the managers at middle or degrade level. The senior management is most of the companies makes such decisions (Nisar 2007). Off-shoring in the UK many an(prenominal) companies in the UK, especially those related to IT and innovation, are hiring arch(prenominal) but relatively cheap labor from overseas. This hiring has been allowed by the government because of which work permits and visas have also been allotted to thousands of workers from abroad.Although these cost effective options cannot be ignored by the managers but they find their hands tied when they find cheap labor which can help the company reduce cost (MarketWatch 2006). The Responsibility of the Managers The managers and personal secretaries are getting increasingly responsible for the recruitment of unfilled vacancies. However, these managers cannot be so sure roughly hiring the right person or deciding a examination system for the vacancy. Where th ese managers are asked to cut costs, they are also asked to hire the best person.However, tests such as aptitude test, personality test, skill test or psychometric tests can be very expensive. This is in contradiction to cheap hiring and many managers find themselves in a position of hiring a person not mark for job because of fixed or limited budget allocated for hiring (Renshaw 2003). According to the head of a psychometric company, most of the employees are hired within the first 5 minutes of an interview which is done with the help of instincts.Although in these five minutes, the conversation does not go beyond smiles and introductions but many think that this is the best practice. Hiring through taking tests has been proved to be the best technique which many managers in the UK do not follow. Those employees who are hired without these tests, they are more likely to lay to rest the company in losses (Renshaw 2003). Lowering Hiring Requirements The companies with vacancies in the Europe mostly respond with lowering the hiring requirements so as to lower the cost associated with hiring.These chances although increase the chances of plectrum the vacancy but it also results in a match that resists or terminates when he is hit by a requirement that he cannot address to because of lower level of skills or experience. When searching costs are high, the European employers are more likely to hire to a lower place qualified employees for flitting positions. One of the consequences of hiring an under qualified person is high firing costs if the employee is able to get a permanent contract (Brencic 2009). Temporary Employment Practices in the Europe umteen countries in Europe ban or restrict the use of temporary workers. However, there has been a growing acceptance for the temporary employment in the region. Many companies which do not want to rush in hiring and then make a wrong choice are hiring temporary employees. The UK, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Denmark are the countries among those which have temporary labor markets, but the countries like Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany and Portugal still have stringent policies over temporary hiring (Messmer 1994). Firing Practices in EuropeThe economies of Europe have been awfully tracking US and other developed countries because of forests of red tape, vast welfare, overregulation and restrictive hiring and firing practices. Firing Limitations in UK Due to the implementation of several equal employment prospect acts and laws in the United Kingdom, the employers are restricted to fire or layoff employees. This literally throws a manager at his seat with his hands tied as he cannot fire any employee who is not performing. According to the laws, based on the personal status of the worker, an employer may not establish hiring or recruiting criteria.Employers are not allowed to penalize against, lay-off or fire their employees citing reasons based on the personal status outlined in the federal legislation of anti-discrimination. The labor is protected with the act of penalties and recourse which says that if an employee is discriminated in the areas of firing and hiring, he may collect all the monetary damages that are done by the employer (Pearson 2010). Firing Practices in Germany In December 2000, the Vauxhall Motors Luton inform the closure of a facility with firing of approximately 2000 people.No details were announced publicly about the firing of employees and what benefits would they get. The employees being affected were not told about the decision that the management was about to take about the closure of a facility. The employees were not even told why the facility was closed or why were they being fired (Butler, Sweeney and Crundwell 2009). This shows that the firing practices in Germany are very different as compared to UK, where a company has very limited power to fire permanent employees.In Germany, however, the companies have power to lay-of f the employees whenever they want without presenting any reason. Similarities of Firing Practices in UK and other European Countries In this time of economic downturn, when many large corporations are winning in downsizing practices, the countries like UK, Italy, France and Germany are targeting the older employees for lay-offs. The reason behind is quite logical as the employees grow older, they become less productive and the company find more talented young people to replace them (Cattaneo et al.2010).The organizations in most of the economies of Europe view older employees as more disposable and drop dead little value to them (Barth et al. , 1993 Eastman, 1993 Loretto and White, 2006). Conclusion There are certain similarities in the UK and Europe companies when it comes to laying-off or recruitment of the employees. However, the differences are more as the UK companies are rise by laws and strict regulations for firing employees which literally ties the hands of the managers when it comes to firing and hiring of the employees.

Business partnerships and their benefits to organizations, suppliers, and customers Essay

IntroductionA trading mateship is an alliance of two or more than(prenominal) parties that take on in a calling venture in which the earnings and losses argon divided equally. The legal description of a first mateship business is an alliance of two or more plenty to collaborate as co-owners of a compevery for income.The formation of a confederacy necessitates a cut into alliance of parties or businesses that co own the connection and aim to conduct it for profit. Partners merchantman shape the partnership by compose or verbal agreement. A partnership assent often directs the partners dealings with each separate and to the company. Each partner has a right to look at in the profits of the partnership. Unless the company accord asserts otherwise, associates share profits equally. Additionally, partners must donate equally to joint venture losses except if a partnership accord endures another arrangement. Each partner is similarly required to participate equally in the oversight of the partnership.A popular vote settles disagreements involving the administration of the partnership. On the other hand, some choices such as letting in a new partner or push up out a partner entail all the partners undivided consent.Every partner owes a fiduciary certificate of indebtedness to the firm and to copartners. This duty necessitates that an associate ought to deal with copartners in good faith. It also requires that an associate should report to copartners for any profit that he or she obtains while occupied in partnership business. Each partner also has a responsibility of trustworthiness to the partnership. Unless the copartners assent, a partners obligation of stanchty constrains the partner from utilizing partnership assets for personal benefit. It also constrains the partner from rivaling with the partnership, taking on in self-dealing, or seizing partnership opportunities. It is a fact that firms that participates in the business system as partner s complement the company and its providers, thereby increasing the prize to customers.Business partnerships benefits to companies, suppliers, and consumersFirms that participate in the business system as partners include for minimal formalities and regulatory and reporting requirements required in conducting business deals. Although partnerships are governed by statute, the required statutory formalities are few. A summary written partnership agreement is a good investment in almost any circumstance. However, it is not required, and a partnership may be organize by a verbal agreement between two or more people and can be implied by behavior.State statutes vary with figure to partnerships filing requirements and other formalities. The pertinent state statutes must always be reviewed and must be complied with. Most states do not require partnership adaptation with the secretary of state or other state official before commencing business. However, a certificate of assumed name or similar document is usually required when the partnership impart be transacting business under an assumed name, trade name, or fictitious name (Schneeman, 2007, p.73).Minimal formalities ensure that a partnership business is able to do business with its suppliers smoothly without having to jump major hurdles. This saves a lot of time and resources for both the geological formation and its suppliers (Practicing Law Institute., and join States, 1971, p.47). This smooth operation between the company and its suppliers ensures that the customers are provided with quality services or products in a timely fashion, indeed benefiting the organization, its suppliers, and customers.With partnerships, there is participation and tractableness in management. Unless one or more partners waive their rights, every partner has equal power and authority to manage the partnership affair. Partners of smaller partnerships may finger this appealing if they have varied backgrounds and areas of expe rtise, and all wish to participate actively. All partners are al pitifuled to act freely on behalf of the partnership, with few restrictions. Larger partnerships on the other hand are allowed the tractability of rambleting the management of the partnership into the hands of the beat out individual or group of individuals for the job.According to Bradley, firms which participate in the business system as partners are both competitors and collaborates with respect to their suppliers. Participation and flexibility in the management of an organization ensures that only the best suppliers are targeted as partners. For example, British Airways and Singapore Airlines compete for passengers but they played a partnership role in the development of the Airbus superjumbo for which both are major customers.Organizations need to develop partnerships with the best suppliers to leverage their expertise and technologies to pull in a competitive advantage. Learning how an organizations supplier s are performing can lead to superior visibility, which can offer prospects for more collaborative involvement in value-added activities. Many organizations are tracking product and services quality, on-time deliveries, customer service efforts and cost- view programs as part of the supplier place system. This information can be used to develop supplier programs that go forth improve allow chain management, thus creating more value for consumers.Participation and flexibility in management creates knowledge environments for managers in firms that participate as business partners. Knowledge environments for administrators look like experience environments for clients. Innovations in knowledge environments must glisten the granularity of managerial experiences, just like innovations in experience environments must reflect the depth of consumer experiences.To create more value for consumers, organizations must continually create new knowledge. The opportunities to do so may come fro m solving a particular problem, for example, reducing the recharge time for a battery pack in a particular cell phone configuration. The opportunity may also come from identifying major emerging opportunities, for example, the explosive growth of market for cell phones in China and India. To make this happen, organizations must create knowledge environments that facilitate the discovery and action in the new competitive space through participation of partners and flexibility in management processes. This creates value for the company, its suppliers, and its customers.Firms in a business system that participate as partners have the added advantage of overlap management. A partner will have other partners to rely on to provide expertise in needed areas. Decisions can be do jointly after thorough discussion. This sport of shared decision-making can also be a disadvantage when a quick decision is needed. Partners must consult with each other on substantive issues. Partners have the advantage of appointing a certain partner as managers of the business. They can be delegated the authority to make certain decisions by themselves.Shared organizational management by business partners enables purchasing management. This refers to all activities necessary to manage supplier relationships in such a way that their activities are aligned with the companys overall business strategies and interests. It focuses on structuring and continuously improving purchasing processes within the organization and between the organization and its suppliers. For example, before applying to be a Volvo supplier, an interested supplier must understand and agree on Volvos core values. This helps to eliminate any misunderstandings on the quality of products that the company offers. This benefits the company, its selected suppliers and creates value for its customers.In the business system, shared organizational management by firms in a business partnership enables the development of customer loyalty. Customer relationships are built on the basis of trust. recap business gets generated only when customers believe their suppliers and perceive them as creating more value. Loyalty is created only when the customer perceives fairness, equity, and transparency in his or her relationship with the seller. This is possible with a shared organizational management by businesses in a partnership agreement because all parties involved create strategies that improve customer relations, ensuring that they remain loyal to the organization. This generates more profits for the organization.Business partnerships require a low cost of organization. There are no minimum requirements for starting a partnership.The startup costs, including any required state filing fees, tend to be lower than those for corporations are. This in itself is a great advantage for small businesses wishing to form business partnerships. Additionally, the low cost of organization ensures that the partnership busine ss has enough resources to conduct numerous transactions with umteen suppliers. This means that the supply of any needed raw materials is constant. This ensures that the mathematical product of goods or services goes on smoothly without hitches. For the companys consumers, this is a great advantage for them because the production of goods or services will be comparatively cheaper. This means that consumers will have access to the products or services at a relatively cheaper expenditure as compared with other organizations, thus benefitting the organization, its suppliers, and customers.In the business system, business partnerships enable the partner organizations to raise capital easily. Because two or more firms contribute financial resources, business partnerships can raise funds more easily for operating expenses and business expansion. The partners combined financial strength also increases the firms ability to raise funds from outside sources. This ability of a firm to raise capital easily is an advantage for nonfinancial stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, employees, and the community in which the firm operates. They have no direct fiscal stake in the company and no direct influence on the firms financial policy. This means that they have no decision or voting power. They only have a state in the firms financial health.Nonfinancial stakeholders are interested in the firms investment options because they can be hurt by its financial difficulties. Specifically, a firms capital structure choices can hazard nonfinancial stakeholders by affecting the probability of default on their explicit and implicit claims on the firm and by influencing the firms production and pricing decisions. Consequently, firms in partnership may be forced implicitly to take the interests of their nonfinancial stakeholders into account in formulating financial policy. The capital structure of a business partnership can serve as a signaling device to these nonfinancial sta keholders and thereby affect their behavior. A firms financial condition can affect how suppliers and customers perceive its reliability.Therefore, the ability of a business partnership to raise capital easily from many different sources means that its suppliers and customers trust its ability to make remunerative business for all involved parties. This benefits the firm and its suppliers, and consequently, creates value for its customers.Firms participating in the business system as partners combine a variety of diverse skills and expertise. Partners share the responsibilities of managing and operating the business. Combining partner skills to set goals, manage the overall direction of the firm, and solve problems increases the chances for the partnerships success. Ideal business partnerships bring together people with complementary backgrounds rather than those with similar experience, skills, and talents. This enables the firm to view the diversity of skills in labor as an asset rather than a cost. These are the skills and expertise in employees that contribute to the firms level of productivity. With a business partnership therefore, production of goods or services is of a high quality. This benefits the organization and creates worth for its customers, thus leading to its success.Firms that participate in the business system as business partners increase the size of the organization. In businesses, size matters. Corporations that are big enough to control significant shares of sales and profits in one or more industries and enjoy tremendous financial and organizational advantages over small businesses. Financially, large receipts streams mean big budgets, enormous purchasing power, and great bargaining advantage with suppliers of goods and services. Organizationally, the bigness of an organization facilitates the development and application of specialized human and technological resources. Additionally, this enables the organization to determine its ap proaching sourcing strategy for every spend category.The organization is able to decide whether to reduce or expand its supply base, and where the suppliers should come from. The company is also able to decide on the type of relationship it would need to pursue with its suppliers. The company is then able to decide on the type of contract it would put in place in its dealings with suppliers. This ensures that the company has a constant supply of raw materials throughout the year. This means that the products and services produced by the company will be of high quality and would meet the consumer demands. This benefits the organization and its suppliers, and creates value for its customers.In the business system, business partnerships lead to reduced footing competition. This according to Bradley means that the decisions made by one company affect and are affected by decisions made by other firms. If one company decides to reduce its prices, it will force other companies to do the s ame. Modern industries remain full of aggressively price-slashing firms. Modern corporate capitalists are compelled by the market to pass the benefits of productivity improvements to customers through price cuts. Failure to do so would mean that rival firms would soon copy an organizations innovations and lower their prices, thus forcing them to run out of business. Full-fledged price wars are now so anathema that, even in the most competitive industries, corporate wisdom is to try anything and everything before entering into even a single round of unrestrained price-cutting.Corporate capitalism means price inflation. From a corporate capitalists perspective, such steady, mild inflation is a good thing. Major firms can bank on being able to charge a bit more for next years sticker than for this years and on taking in a bit more revenue for the same output. This is achievable when corporations form partnerships (Dawson, 2003, p.24).The bargaining power of a firm over its suppliers i s crucial because it can improve the price, quantity, reliability, and timely delivery of raw materials. The companys power increases the more the inputs are commodity items and are face to price competition. The company, rather than the supplier should add the value. For example, a restaurant buys commodity items like vegetables, meat and drinks, all of which are readily available and subject to intense competition. It has power over suppliers and adds the value by processing them into expensive meals. This also creates value for the consumers because the company will have the ability to produce overstep quality products.Business partners enjoy income tax benefits. The net income or loss of the partnership is passed through to the associates, according to the partnership accord. The partnership is required to file a partnership come back form annually with the revenue services in their countries, but no income tax is owed by the partnership itself. Rather, the partnerships retur n indicates the income earned by the partnership and allocated to the individual partners. A partnership is not taxable as a separate entity. The partners on income derived from the partnership pay a single tax. Additionally, because the income of the partnership flows through to the individual partners, if the partnership experiences a net loss, each partners share of that loss may be written off on the partners individual income tax return.ConclusionA business partnership is an association of two or more parties engaged in a business enterprise where all parties involved share the profits and losses equally. This type of association creates benefits for the organizations involved and its suppliers, thereby creating more value for its customers. The minimal formalities required in starting a business partnership enable the company to deal easily with its suppliers without major red tapes. This enables the company to produce products and services in a much quicker way. Partnerships enable flexibility in management. This ensures that only the targeted suppliers are selected for business partnerships. There are many more benefits of businesses joining in partnership as seen from the points above, all of which enable the company to make profits and create value for their customers.References take in of plantTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormTop of FormBaker, H. K., & Martin, G. S. (2011). Capital Structure & Corporate Financing Decisions Valuation, Strategy and Risk psychoanalysis for Creating Long-Term Shareholder Value. Chichester John Wiley & Sons.Bouchoux, D. E. (2010). Business organizations for paralegals (5th Ed.). New York Aspen Publishers/Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.Bradley, F. (2005). International marketing strategy. New York FT/Prentice Hall.Business 2.0. (1998). Brisbane, CA Imagine Media.Campbell, D., Netzer, A., & total for International Legal Studies. (2 009). International joint ventures. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands Kluwer Law International.Coffey, J., & Garrow, V. (2012). Reaping the Benefits of Mergers and Acquisitions. Hoboken Taylor & Francis.Dawson, M. (2003). The consumer trap big business marketing in American life. Urbana University of Illinois Press.Gilmore, S., & Williams, S. (2012). Human resource management. Oxford Oxford University Press.Gitman, L. J., & McDaniel, C. D. (2008). The future of business the essentials (3rd ed.). Mason, OH Thomson South- westernern.Gitman, L. J., & McDaniel, C. D. (2009). The future of business the essentials (4th, student ed.). Mason, OH South-Western Cenage Learning.Practising Law Institute., & United States. (1971). The local economic development corporation legal and financial guidelines. Washington U.S. Economic study Administration for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2005). The future of competition Co-creating uniq ue value with customers. Boston, Mass Harvard Business School Press.Saxena, R. (2009). Marketing management. New Delhi Tata McGraw-Hill.Schneeman, A. (2007). The law of corporations and other business organizations (4th ed.). Clifton Park, NY West Legal Studies/Thomson Delmar Learning.Watson, D., & Serious Investor Groups. (2005). Business models Investing in companies and sectors with strong competitive advantage. Petersfield England Harriman House Pub.Weele, A. J. (2010). Purchasing & supply chain management Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Andover Cengage Learning.Weele, A. J. (2010). Purchasing & supply chain management Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Andover Cengage Learning.Wisner, J. D., Tan, K.-C., & Leong, G. K. (2011). Principles of supply chain management A balanced approach. Mason, OH South-Western. tush of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of Form

Family run business Wyncraft Essay

As a Family run business Wyncraft produces game pure tone nonfunctional home wear, ranging from mainly wooden products as well up as high attribute pottery, decorative metals and table decorations. Wyncraft will produce these quality products by development wood from only sustainable Norwegian Forests to maintain the future of the business and the environment from which the products naturally and originally derive from.ObjectivesStaff levels of Wyncraft Wyncraft solves with different levels includingTechnical the hard-nosed job roles involved with ware of priceys, staff perform tasks set out by manager and supervisors and so on Workforce argon usually without consent and controlled by managerial and community level staff.Staff at this level-* Jack in addition to one full- period and one part-time member of staff in the sanding and varnishing segment* Fred, Albert (Tub) and JR (John Roberts) be hands on in the cutting department and 8 full-time production staff,* Despatc h employees 3 full time staff and one driver Graham* Part-timers and home workers assembly assistance* Assistant/secretary Jean Hudson,* Yvonne human resources role,* Harry sales, personnel as well as the booksManagerial the technical level interrelates with the managerial level, which is concerned with the co-ordination and integration of work at the technical level. Generally supervisors/managers, the main role is to outline the particular proposition requirements to the technical level form the community level. Other roles include dealing with customers, clients and suppliers.Staff at this level * Harry manages and oversees all operations of the company providing him with high responsibility and authority.* Jack manages the sanding/varnishing department* JR oversees the production departmentCommunity the board of directors, this level makes decisions of how the company is to be run by the other interrelated levels. They are responsible for the operation of the organisation as a whole they have authority to provide regulations/requirements in which the rest of the organisation must comply with. In addition this level interrelates with the managerial level to inform of such procedures.Staff at this level * Harry* Jack* Albert* FredAll the brothers above are the owners/directors of Wyncraft where as Harry has more of a managing director role. Although the brothers are at the community level they do operate in the technical level and most operate in the managerial level too.The three levels community, technical and managerial roll in the hay be represented in a diagram to show the interdependence and authority levels. The diagram highlights the fact that each level could not survive without the other levels.WyncraftMemorandumTo Harry RobertsFrom Ryan JohnsonDate 5/12/04Re The importance of good organisational structureAlthough there are many factors and constraints, which can affect a company structure there is a lack to establish a material of order and system of command by which the work to be under burgeon forthn is accomplished no-hitly. This implies that attention be given to the design and implementation of the company structure.Structure can make or break an organisations (Mullins 2002 p.536) Organisations are groups of people brought together for a specific purpose, for this to be achieved successfully people need to be organised at bottom the best possible structure. (Mullins 2002)In relation to Wyncraft it is necessary to organise and formalise the company into a structure in order to expand successfully and eviscerate and recruit new staff. Good organisational structure can be a means of dividing responsibilities and tasks equally and fairly amongst executives to chink a simple, effective and functional dish for Wyncraft.At present it would appear that Harry Roberts has a higher responsibility level than his co-owners, it can cause pressure for one person to have the volume share in responsibility. It is not good for the company or Harry to oversee all departments and company functions, the role should be shared to ensure that quality is being produced within Wyncraft. If there were shared roles in high responsibility tasks then this could guarantee service and production are of an acceptable standard for Wyncraft. furthermore specia slant staff within managerial department roles could provide Wyncraft with higher standards and production leaving the executives more time to concentrate on further merchandising and expansion.Wyncraft Proposed Organisation ChartThere are many possible structures for organisations to use when considering producing an organisational chart, function, area, process, product and customer.* Function most common structure used, involving the company being hang-up up into departments or specialisations.* Area used by large national or multinational businesses, the concept being that co-ordination is implemented from Head Office to ensure that efforts are not duplic ated when different locations carry out similar activities.* Process this is used when requirements for different skills are needed, for example when product is fabricate it passes through some(prenominal) stages requiring different skills for the stages of the process.* Product This is used in large organisations or for companies that have wide product ranges.* Customer this is used when a business has different types of customers who need different and specialised treatment or modified service or products.Most organisations will structure themselves in a way that a transition of structure options are used, different departments could be structured using a different format.In relation to Wyncraft it is appropriate to consider using chart structures that are relevant to its production and process. Although all options should be considered I propose that Process and Function are more practical in terms of Wyncraft.Looking at the above descriptions of structure options Product, customer and area can be ruled out, this is due to the size of the company being relatively bitty in likeness to large multinational companies and the product range generally quite limited.It is important to remember the main function of the company production of environmentally friendly quality home wear, which leads on to the need for clear process and function management.Read moreFamily Run BusinessProposed Process chart for WyncraftHow Wyncrafts product is manufactured requires different departments/functions with different skills etc. The diagram above illustrates the process in which the product is made which highlights the need for a clear functional process. With a adequate functional chart or structure then the process above can be implemented.Departments such as personnel are necessary to be part of the company but are not necessarily part of the process involved in the production of the product. Therefore although personnel and marketing etc. need to be considered a sep arate structure chart is not necessary at this stage.Proposed function chart for WyncraftOrganisation FunctionsAn organisation consists of departments they usually take the following format* Personnel the function of Personnel is typically to control recruitment, provide staff training, promote legal and safety requirements and create policies and procedures.In relation to Wyncraft personnel Yvonne manages issues and although she does not work full time for the company she takes a leading role in this department. Harry oversees this department and manages this role if necessary to chase any period of time Yvonne is not present. Being a company that only employs 48 people many of the typical functions of a Personnel department are not carried out. The kind of issues Yvonne would deal with within Wyncraft would be the less formal and personal aspects of Personnel for example staff absence etc.* carryoff typically the function of the production department includes manufacturing th e product, establishes priority order for consumer demand, works within standards and budgets and maintains flow of production.In relation to Wyncraft the main focus for the company is production, the list above does reflect the function of this department in Wyncraft well. The production department is responsible for cutting shaping, drilling and preparing all the wood used in the production of their home wear products. They are heavily reliant on machinery and control machinery maintenance and must adhere to safe practice as well as storing and controlling materials.* Sales typically this department sells the product and continually looks to expand and increase sales for the company.In relation to Wyncraft Harry mostly undertakes this role and concentrates on targeting major department stores and smaller (high quality) independent china/gift stores. Sales for Wyncraft is different to most organisations as selling direct to customers would really most apparent loose custom for t he company. Sales for Wyncraft are expanding overseas due to the success of their web page the main function of this department now is to concentrate on expansion overseas to supplying to the major department stores.* Marketing generally consists of establishing consumer demand, promotes the product, examines the market and conducts market research.In relation to Wyncraft it seems apparent that there is no actual department for this function. Harry oversees this role and perhaps as part of his sales he also implements some form of marketing, however as Wyncraft is a small company it is realistic that there is no specific marketing department. Strong client kinships with major department stores could provide Harry with enough knowledge on consumer demand and market research etc.* Finance this department deals with all monetary aspects of the company. Typical roles include, balancing vizors, planning and expenditure, wage and salary administration and account management.In relatio n to Wyncraft Yvonne is responsible for wages and accounts Harry takes control of the company accounts, all companies no matter what size need to manage their accounts and obviously pay their staff. Wyncraft does not have a specific finance department due to the small size of the company.* Purchasing this department would generally be in cite of buying in materials required for production.In relation to Wyncraft all wood is bought from sustainable Norwegian Forests and quantities are provided from the production department, the product range for Wyncraft is small and wherefore no specific department is required to buy repeat materials.* Research and Development this department usually provides improvement for production methods and processes through research, identifies new engineering and researches new products.In relation to Wyncraft there is no research and development department although progress has been made on the technological aspect with the implementation of the succe ssful web page.Interdependence between these departments can vary between companies in the case of Wyncraft where not many specific departments exist then it could be fictitious that the dependence occurs without recognition. The finance department will provide obvious constraints to all departments because without funding they cannot function. The main function of Wyncraft is obviously production and without this the other functions would have no purpose. Sales department is reliant upon production and vice versa because without demand production is pointless and without production sales are not attainable.Relationships within Wyncraft= Line relationship= Functional relationship= Staff relationship= Lateral relationshipStaff can operate with more than one relationship an example of this is Harry who operates in a staff relationship with his secretary, a line relationship with JR and Jack Roberts and also a lateral relationship with many of the other members of staff.

African American Literatury Essay

African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent lifetime in the United States of America. The African-American literary tradition began with the oral culture long before any of the materials in it were written on. Throughout their American history, African-Americans affirm used the oral culture as a natural part of cruddy expressive culture. They are very powerful voices that give totaler meanings to manner of speaking on a page.The America southwesterly is an important landscape in African-American literature. The South was a primary port of entry for slaving vessels. Most black slaves remained in the Southern states. The South was an important place for the African-American literature because the South was served as the site of hope and change for the black slaves but there were also horrors. The majority of African captives entered the New World from the Southern ports and remained in the Southern states.They relied heavily on the African cultural heritage and belief systems familiar to them. During their 300 years of slavery and servitude, black slaves and their descendants developed a complex relationship with the South. Amiri Baraka concluded that the South is a part of the scene of the crime, a land that is about the site of hope and the scene of the crime. For numerous African Americans, the South serves as the site of hope and change. The South has given birth to many African-American cultural practices, such as literature.This is the spiritual and ancestral home for African Americans and plays a dominant role in African-American literature. Before the American Civil War, African-American literature primarily focused on the issue of slavery, as indicated by the subgenre of slave narratives The most noted authors were all incited and inspired by the goings on in the south. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important African-American authors from the literary landscape in the South.He chronicled his life f rom bondage to freedom in his communicatory of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845), which helped the American public to know the truth about the institution of slavery and dismiss the myth that slaves were happy and hardened well. He said, the South was not only a notorious site of slavery, it was also a landscape of racial terror and widespread violence. The biggest crime the South ever committed is the institution and perpetuation of slavery.But the Southern landscape is more than just the scene of the crime in African-American literature. It has multiple personalities that drive multiple treatments. Many 20th-century African-American writers, whether born and raised in the South or not, have used the southerly landscape in their works to research the complex relationships African-American communities have with the South. In her poem Southern Song, Margaret Walker (1915 1998) sings a praise song to the gray suns and southern land desp ite the mobs and a nightmare full of oil and flame. Southern Song I want my body bathed again by southern suns, my soul reclaimed again from southern land. I want to ease again in southern fields, in grass and hay and clover bloom to lay my hand again upon the frame baked by a southern sun, to touch the rain-soaked earth and smell the smell of soil. I want my rest unbroken in the fields of southern earth freedom to watch the corn wave silver in the sun and mark the splashing of a brook, a pond with ducks and frogs and count the clouds.I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest no forms to take me in the night and burn my shack and make for me a nightmare full of oil and flame. I want my careless song to strike no minor key no fiend to stand between my bodys soutnern songthe fusion of the South, my bodys song and me. Margaret Walkers poem characterizes the complex literary representations of the South in a great trade wind of African-American literature, for the speaker at once basks in the beauty of her homeland (I want my body bathed again by southern suns).Yet at the same time experiences a homecoming complicated by the threat of Southern violence (I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest). The theme of the southern home and its layered history is a prevalent one throughout the tradition of African-American literature. In conclusion, 90 percent of African-Americans lived in the South, it is no wonder that this landscape has taken on a great deal of cultural and historical significance. Literature from the South is complex and often absurd, as the region emerges repeatedly as a site of home.

Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Essay

Water pollution is ca expendd by emission of domestic or urban sewage, agricultural waste, pollutants and industrial effluents into urine bodies. Nowadays, its main source is the waste material discharged by industrial units. Waste materials like acids, alkalies, toxic metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides and even hot materials are poured into the weewee bodies by many another(prenominal) industrial units. Some other important pollutants include polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, lubri dirty dogts and hot water discharged by power plants. The pollutants put down into the water bodies usually dissolve or remain suspended in water.Sometimes, they also accumulate on the bottom of the water bodies. Another important pollutant, that can endanger marine life, is the oil spilled by oil tanks. As per the estimates of the United Nations, 1. 3 zillion barrels of oils are spilled annually into the Persian Gulf, and ab come in 285 million gallons are spilled into the oceans every y ear. In the United States, the industries contribute to more than half of the total water pollution. The industrial effluents contain pollutants like asbestos, phosphates, mercury, lead, nitrates, sulfur, sulfuric acid, oil and many other poisonous materials.In many countries, industrial water is not treated adequately before discharging it into rivers or lakes. This is particularly true in the reason of small-scale industries that do not have sufficient capital to invest in pollution control equipment. In many instances, the researches and studies carried out to determine the toxicity of these pollutants are focused on the individual effect of the toxic elements. Therefore, sometimes these researches lead to an underestimation of the total toxicity of these harmful materials.Besides, their toxicity is assessed with the help of tests carried out on bacteria, which also fails to take into account the accurate toxic effects on other organisms. These harmful pollutants are a major co ntributor to many grave diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery and salmonellosis. Besides, many of the pollutants are also carcinogenic i. e. they can cause cancer. Some pollutants like sodium can cause cardiovascular diseases, while mercury and lead cause nervous disorders. DDT is another toxic material which can cause chromosomal changes.Excess fluoride in water may damage the spinal cord, while arsenic can cause significant damage to the liver and the nervous system. In addition to all these, thoroughgoing compounds present in the polluted water facilitate the growth of algae and other weeds, which in turn use more oxygen dissolved in the water. This reduces the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water and the consequent shortage of oxygen for other aquatic life. In recent times, to control the menace of water pollution, various legislations have been introduced by different countries.The legislations undertaken by the United States include Federal Water Polluti on Control Act (1972), the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (1972) and the unhurt Drinking Water Act (1974). Besides, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act was also amended in 1988. For the success of these legislations, cooperation of the citizens and industrial units is an important prerequisite. In addition to the enforcement and proper use of these rules and regulations, availability of efficient and cheaper pollution control techniques is also required to tackle the threat posed by water pollution.

Engelsk Stil – God Save the Pub

God Save the Pub labor movement 1 B. State your persuasion about stand bars and discuss whether it is a inviolable idea that motion sedans go global. A lot of spate directly would state that the good old English pub is dying, especially after the smoking ban on July 1, 2007, and the fact is that 52 pubs argon closing every week, and more than 6,000 fewer pubs today than just ten years ago, but ironically there argon more places to enjoy a drink now, than just a couple of years ago.And the reason is quite simple, because a lot of the traditional pubs have been change into a brand-new generation of pubs, the so called theme pubs with excellent beverage and high class diet, and some pubs are even serving ecological food and beverage. I think its very positive that the traditional English pub is being replaced, so the dark and sultry tobacco men pubs, today often are theme pubs, with an open minded friendly atmosphere where women as well as children nookie come and talk about whats going on in the local society.Young people today know exactly what they want, and they want it in a very high quality in a clean environment, and thats what most of the new generation of theme pubs can offer today. UK is an island in more than one sense and the British people have always been very conservative and afraid of new changes, phenomena overly known as nepotism, as we also known from parts of Denmark like Bornholm and so on But since England joined the European Community in 1973 together with Ireland and Denmark, England has slowly changed to be a global and modern country.Therefore I think that the transformations of the traditional pub into modern theme pubs are a natural development nobody can fight against. But theme pubs can in my opinion also become a problem for the British. The newspaper of today tells me, that the British has the highest rate of teenage rumenness, because young person teenagers in England are more likely to get drunk than anywhere else in the whole industrial world. Personally I hink that one of the reasons why the UK has this world record in teenage drunkenness is because children are allowed to go to the theme pubs together with their parents, and here the children see their parents drinking alcoholic drink in a social environment. When the children grow up they will use/abuse alcohol because it already had been accepted by the parents. A huge success in theme pubs in England today is the Irish pub theme . The Irish pub theme started as just another pub theme, but somehow the Irish theme seems to have fallen into the British taste of pub themes, and appears to go on forever as part of the English pub culture.I think that the English pub tradition with all its different themes is a special and rummy English piece of culture, and the question is if it is a good idea that theme pubs go global. First of all I think that it is a very good idea to export theme pubs overseas, because countries like Denmark, Germany, France, Holland etc. already have got the traditional English pub for quite a number of years. But the bordering question is if its already too late to do such a business.As we well know the Irish pub themes have been overseas for a great number of years with huge success, so to start a global investment in English theme pubs abroad will rarely be any success. At last its worth to mentioning that the financial crises will kill the idea, even before the idea just was a little thought. Task 2 Murphys Memo Date 2 September 2009 From Isabella Knudsen To Management Sales manager Re New pub theme plan in IrelandJust returned from the UK where I have studied the new theme pubs, I like to inform you about my research. The new generation of theme pubs are soda water up all over the UK, and it looks like a huge success. The new theme pubs seem to have a great impact on the young generation, and have become such a huge success, that within a short time the traditional Irish pub slowly will die. The new theme pub concept is a transformation from an old-fashioned pub into a modern restaurant. Each theme pub has its own identity.During my visit in the UK I visited different kinds of theme pubs like disco theme pubs, but the most interesting theme was the family and female/children friendly theme pubs. It is also my opinion that people spend more quality time during their stay in their local theme pub. My idea for a new pub theme should be a merge between a family restaurant theme pub in the daytime and a disco live music pub theme in the night time, every night, or for a start every Friday and Saturday night. That will definitely attract the young people of Ireland.I recommend that management should let the advertising agency Shandon Advertising perform a market survey to obtain some exact knowledge about what appeals to young people in Ireland. Thank you, Isabella Knudsen Murphys 48 MacCurtain St. Cork 22 October 1998 Shandon Advertising Church St. Cork Dear Sir. We ar e writing to you, as we need your estimable knowledge concerning a new project. Our market share on the Irish market is decreasing, and therefore we are considering starting a new type of pub. Our sales manager has just visited a number of British pubs which have changed a lot lately.Some have become superpubs with space for 500 or more. Other pubs are theme pubs, to meet young peoples taste. Furthermore there are pubs, where you can get a wide selection of dishes at mediocre prices. There is almost an entertainment concept for every taste. As we would like to appeal to young people, we intend to start some new pubs on a trial basis. But before we make a final decision, we need some more details. Therefore we are asking you to inform us if you can do some market researches for us We are looking forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully MURPHYS Flann OBrien Marketing manager

Lab report

relieveability footprintments were imbiben on a absquatulate to get the get alongity length, and also cadence rod the low straddle of a faucet by measuring the amount of time it took to fill a beaker. To ensure a to a greater extent close sample, 20 measurements of all(prenominal) section were obtained. For the batch measurement mint of this science lab, a multi-meter was utilize to measure the fortress in a pack of ten resistors. Each fragment heedful the resistors twice to all(prenominal)ow for to a greater extent nice statistical analysis.After all measurements were recorded, statistical analysis such as correspond, pattern aberrance, and unfeigned imply background with 90%, 95%, and 99% government agency intervals were used to obtain the results. Once calculations were made, it was localized that in that respect was delusion in this vibratory collectible to the env ironment and to man faulting, however all of the results fell within the bleeds o f sanction for sepa locately given section. Relevance In this investigate length, run away rate, and resistance was measur sufficient and the au and sotic blind drunk was calculated. It was observed that the true mean varied depending on the variation of the sample mean and sample standard disagreement.It was shown that the world mean, or true mean, could non be anchor exactly, tho could be visualized as a range with a certain level of authorisation with the measurement of the sample mean and sample standard deflection. The knowledge practiced in this lab crapper be lawful in future show ups if say a comp any needs to estimate the universe of discourse average with a specified level of confidence of a implode that they only have a hardly a(prenominal) samples of. Introduction There be quintuple ways of measurement, as well as, many disparate types of ways to analyze raw entropy.In this lab the objective is to experiment with deuce different types of measurem ents, repeatability and batch measurements. theoretically the bolt length plus the cap oppressiveness (B+C) should be equal to the measured gist length of the bolt(A). Taking ten-fold measurements harbour by multiple people until twenty samples re obtained measuring all four contri howeverions of the bolt and obtaining the raw entropy of bolt measurements. By having multiple people catch measurements a s center of attention amount of human misconduct is withdraw in case wizard person didnt measure as accurate.By having multiple measurements d wizard by apiece person a bigger sample surface is obtained, and bigger sample size typically means more accurate results. After the measurements were made a sample mean was calculated, as well as, a sample standard deviation for all four components of the bolt. The sample mean and sample standard deviation were 2 lactated to estimate the true mean of the population with a level of confidence of 90 and 95 percent. Once the true me an of severally component was estimated a comparison was made among the total length(A) and the sum of the cap thickness(S) and bolt length(C).In theory (B+C) should equal the total length of the bolt(A), as they represent the said(prenominal) length. Though they should be the same, they ar not. The sum of measurements, (B) and (C) pass on a much wider range of true mean than the measurement of (A). This difference is created by multiple types of error such as, human error, maybe reading the measure wrong. Or error such as mechanical error, maybe the caliper itself was broken or not calibrated. In the second mental faculty of this lab the flow rate of the faucet peeing is measured exploitation a stop watch and a mall beaker.Obtaining the flow rate of the wet in 20 different samples, wherefore summarizing the raw data into sample mean and sample standard deviation. With the sample mean and standard deviation, the true mean is to be estimated with a confidence level of 90 percent and then again with 95 percent. In the third module the measurements were made in batches. The measurements of batches of resistors were measured with a internality Multi-meter to make sure they all locked in at the same resistance. The resistors measured in this lab were instead strong, getting up to kick.Each group subdivision measured the batch of resistors twice, then a pooled mean and pooled standard deviation was calculated. Pooling all the pieces samples together gives us one large sample and a more accurate estimate of the true mean. Using these calculated pooled mean and standard deviation the true mean was tack as a range with a 99 percent level of confidence, and then again with a 95 percent level of confidence. The experimental frame-up and procedures be described in section The results of the experiments jakes be put in n section V followed by conclusions in section VI.The concomitant with the data chart can be found in sectionVeil Testing the repeatabi lity of the measurements and pickings the sample average and sample standard deviation to compare with each other, as well as, estimate the population mean and standard deviation. In ternary different modules linear dimension, flow rate, and resistance were measured. The uncreated objectives of this lab are to practice using devices that measure length and flow rate, to apply statistical principles to raw data sets, and to sprain familiar with use shoot multi-meter. Formulas Used Sample esteemStandard Deviation True Mean Range 3 Experiment Equipment Pittsburgh 6 Caliper Bolt Cent-Tech Digital Multi-meter CTD 10 pack of galvanic resistors (gold, discolour, red, yellow) mall Beaker Digital Stopwatch Procedure This experiment utilizes the billeted above. The experiment is broken down into three sections. First take the caliper and the bolt, calibrate the caliper to make sure that accurate measurements are collected. Measure the unadulterated length of the bolt, thickness of the head, width of the threads and the length of the bolt to the base of the head.Repeat the measurement a total of twenty times split evenly among the roof members and record the results. Second, take a mall beaker and a stop watch to the sink and turn the pee faucet on to attain a continual flow rate of urine. Use the stopwatch to measure the time it takes from the first drop of water submission the beaker to the instant the water begins to overflow from the top of the beaker. exculpate the beaker of water repeat this measurement a total of twenty times split evenly between the group members and record the results. For the last portion of this lab, take a pack of resistors and the multi-meter.Set the millimeter to the appropriate reference resistance and begin measuring each of the sisters one at a 4 time. Each member volition measure the set of resistors twice for a total of twenty resistance measurements per each member of the group. Record the measurements from each member and calculate the true mean resistance. Procedure Changes The only change/ improvement made to the experiment was during the batch measurement section. It was found that more accurate readings of each resistor could be attained by taping the resistor pack to the table to keep it in place maculation using the probes to measure the resistance.This change allow set aside the group to move quicker through the experiment and not to make any mistakes such as possibly measuring the same resistor twice in a row. The experimental procedure is very straight forward and the group should not welcome any difficulties. Results/Discussion This lab required three different modules to be completed with twain different types of measurements batch and repeatability. The bolt measurement along with the brashness flow rate were to be completed using repeatability, while the resistance module used batch measurements.The data was to be recorded and put into tables and examine using the mean, stand ard deviation, and true mean to determine whether the measurements were in the desired confidence intervals. 5 Linear Dimension staff The first set of data was recorded using a manual caliper and a bolt. Four measurements were to be taken from the bolt length, cap thickness, bolt length, and major diameter. These measurements lead to roughly error as expected, mostly human error and calibration of the manual calipers. There was also just about error due to the uneven sides of the bolt and the burthen at which the calipers were held against the bolt. display board la. Shows the summarized data recalls within the 95% Confidence Interval. Measurement Total Length (A) Cap Thickness (B) Bolt Length (C) Major diameter (D) B+C Sample Mean (in. ) (in. ) 2. 2661 0. 0033 0. 2825 0. 0031 1 . 9791 0. 0262 . 30327 0. 0007 2. 2616 0. 0268 Table la. Statistics of Bolt Measurements (95%) 2. 265, 2. 267 0. 2810, 0. 2839 1. 967, 1. 991 0. 3024, 0. 3030 2. 249, 2. 274 The second part of the linea r module was to compare the difference between the total length (A) and the sum of cap thickness and bolt length (B+C).The results show that there was a light CLC with the total length measurement than with the do-gooder of deuce parts. This is most likely because of the accuracy of two measurements has more mom for error from the angle of the calipers and human error. Table b. Shows the comparison of the two measurements. The bounteous experimental data for the linear module is listed in Table A in the Appendix. Table b. Comparison of bolt statistics Flow Rate Module Measurement of the flow rate from a sink using a stopwatch and beaker was the second of the repeatability measurements.This module produced the most error most likely from human error with stopping and starting of the stopwatch. The inconsistent flow from the sink also contributed to most of the error. The standard aviation in this experiment was high, but subsequently 6 calculating the true mean range for a 90% and 95% confidence interval, the sample mean falls within both ranges with a hardly a(prenominal) outliers. Table LLC. Shows the summary of the data. The full experimental data is listed in Table B in the Appendix . (ECMA/min) 5300. 95 CLC (ECMA/metro) 138. 835 5247. 27, 5354. 3 Table LLC. Flow Rate Module Statistics 95% CLC (ECMA/metro) 5235. 97, 5365. 93 Resistance Module In the last part of this lab, resistors were to be measured in batches from each of the group members. This section of the lab showed the most precision with the least error. From the burnish coded bands on the ten resistors, it was concluded that the value of the resistors was 470 sq. All of the results in table old. Show that the resistors were only reading four hundred sq. All 60 recorded measurements were close to 400 ink which could be from mislabel resistors.The pooled mean of the three samples does fall within the 90% and 95% confidence intervals even with including some outliers in the data. The full e xperimental data can be found in Table C in the Appendix. Sample Mean (Q) 400. 033 99% (Q) 1. 588 399. 02, 401. 05 Table old. Resistance Module Statistics 95% CLC (sq) 399. 29, 400. 78 outcome This laboratory focused on repeatability measurements, batch measurements, and statistical c formerlypts/ principles to analyze the collected data. This was achieved through the use of a caliper, stopwatch, and a digital multi-meter for measurement purposes.Using these tools, the group is able to measure length, flow rate, and resistance. The statistical concepts used in this lab were sample mean, standard deviation, true mean, and the range and level of confidence. The results of the linear dimension module prove that there is always going to be a small amount of human error when using devices such as a manual caliper. That error is relatively larger when trying to sum two measurements as compared to measuring a total length . The measurement of the bolt as a unharmed has a narrower CIA and true mean range of 2. 265, 2. 267.The 7 standard deviation for total length (A) 0. 0033 in. supports the theory that measuring the entire length at once is more accurate than summing the cap thickness (B) and bolt length (C) together, which is evident by analyzing the standard deviation of (B+C) 0. 0268 in. . The results of the flow rate module show that there is significantly far more human error when trying to measure the time it takes for water o fill a beaker. This can be attributed to resolution time of starting/stopping the stopwatch. The standard deviation 138. 835 /min seems high, but calculations show that the sample mean 5300. 5 /min falls within the true mean range for CLC 5247. 27, 5354. 63 /metro and also for 95% CLC 5235. 97, 5365. 93 /min. The results of the resistance module indicated a difference between the sample mean 400. 033 sq of the batch measurements and the supposed value of the resistors 470 sq jibe to the assumption coded bands. This was the most prec ise module with a standard deviation of 1. 588 sq and all the pooled means fall within he 95% CLC with a true mean range of 399. 29, 400. 78 sq, and the 99% CLC with a range of 399. 02, 401. 05 sq.This laboratory experiment allowed the group to differentiate between repeatability measurements and batch measurements and apply the statistical theories wise(p) in lecture to analyze the collected data. To smear error percentage, calibrating the caliper before each measurement expertness be advantageous. Another advantage might be making markings on the bolt where each member of the group takes measurements instead of at random/different spots each time.Lab discoverLab depict 3 In this lab, we demonstrateament take a trip to the planetarium lab and will learn about Right ascension and declination, and height and zenith. After looking at the different points shown, we will log the lift and zenith in the chart in our lab manual. Now we will look at the same points and label the ri ght ascension and declination. whence we will learn about the easiest way to locate the star Polaris. As we started the first program, we answered a few questions to make sure we knew the general idea of stars.Then we tagged the altitude and azimuth of five objects. Aldebran had a altitude of 54o and an azimuth of 203o. Betelgeuse had an altitude of 47o and an azimuth of 203o. Castor had an altitude of 62o and an azimuth 118o. Deneb had an altitude of 13o and an azimuth of 328o. Elnath had an altitude of 68o and an azimuth of 184o. After that, we looked at the right ascension and declination (RA and downslope). Aldebran had a RA of 4. 6 hours and a DEC of 16o. Elnath had an RA of 5. 3 hours and a DEC of 28o. Betelgeuse had an RA of 5. hours and a DEC of 8o. Castor had an RA of 7. 6 hours and a DEC of 32o. Deneb had an RA of 20. 7 hours and a DEC of 46o. Finally we looked at the Big roly-poly and the Cassopia to find the star Polaris. This lab was super cool, I loved it. The plan etarium was great way to learn more about the different constellations and stars in the sky. I neer knew that Polaris was so close to the Big Dipper. Finding the all the right ascensions and declinations of the objects were fairly easy and felt like I learned to do it fine easily now.Lab ReportExample lab report of Synthesis of potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate Posted byNurul Yunaliyana Experiment 5 Synthesis of potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate drive to synthesis potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. 3H2O. Introduction Ferrous ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O is dissolved in a slightly superman firmness of purpose, excess oxalic dit, H2C2O4, is added and the following reply takes place Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O FeC2O4 is all right divided strike and tends to be colloidal.However, heating the ancestor causes it to coagulate and facilitates separating the hasty fro m the solution. Potassium oxalate is added to the FeC2O4 come, which produces a slightly basic solution for the oxidation of the ferric ion to the ferric ion, by hydroxide, H2O2. The following reaction takes place H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- The OH- ion concentration of the solution is high enough so that some of the Fe3+ reacts with OH- to form ferric hydroxide(brown precipitate) as follows Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 With the addition of more H2C2O4, the Fe(OH)3 dissolves and the soluble complex K3fe(c2o4)3. h20 is formed according to 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3Fe(c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2o Ethanol is added to the solution to cause the complex iron salt to precipitate. Data analysis and Discussion In this experiment, I have analyse how to synthesis coordination compound. Coordination compounds are formed when a neutral metal section Fe acting as a Lewis cutting, reacts with some neutral molecules, acting as Lewis bases or when a metallic cation, acting as a Lewis acid, reacts wit h any of a variety of organic or inorganic molecules, cations, or anions, acting as Lewis bases.These Lewis bases C2O4 and H2O are called ligands. (Lewis acids are negatron pair acceptors and Lewis bases are electron pair donors. Ferrous ammonium solution is added with oxalic acid dihydrate solution will form yellow solution with yellow precipitate. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O Then it is heated to boiling and the supernatant is decanted. As it is added with solid potassium oxalate, it is allowed to heat at 40 0 C and drop wise added with H2O2 and the solution turns to brown with precipitate for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion.H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe (OH) 3 Next, more oxalic acid dihydrate is added until the solution turns to colourless. 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe (OH) 3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3 Fe (c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2O The colourless solution is boiled then it turns to pale green solution. The solution is filtered then leaves f or crystallization. After that, the green crystal is filtered and washed with 11 ethanol/ water and cooled acetone. The mass of silky (luminescent) green crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. The precautions that we must take are while heat the solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate and solution of oxalic acid dihydrate as it will bump. Next, beware of temperature (at least 40 0 C) of solution when add H2O2 into the solution. The next experiment is determination of the percentage of ligands in coordination compounds. Conclusion I have studied how to synthesis coordination compound which is potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. H2O. The mass of bright (luminescent) green crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. Reference 1. Hadariah Bahron, Kamariah Muda, S. Rohaiza S. Omar, Karimah Kassim (2011). Inorg anic Chemistry. Experiments for Undergraduates, UPENA UiTM 2008. http//chem. science. oregonstate. edu/courses/ch221-3s/ch223s/2010_U_session_1/Report_Guideline_Green_Crystal_Sp_2010. pdfLab ReportLab 7 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to analyze known solutions of Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 and Sr(NO3)2 (alkaline earths) and known solutions of NaBr, NaCl and NaI (halogens). Then we are given an unknown solution to determine what ions are present. Materials 1. Test renders 2. Test vacuum furnish holder 3. pipet 4. 1 M H2SO4 5. 0. 1 M Na(NO3)2 6. 0. 1 M Ca(NO3)2 7. 1 M Na2CO3 8. 0. 25 M (NH4)2C2O4 9. 0. 1 M KIO3 10. Bromine water 11. atomic number 17 water 12. Iodine water 13. 0. 1 M NaCl 14. 0. 1 M NaBr 15. 0. 1 M NaI 16. extraterrestrial being (E) MethodsAlkaline acress 1. Wash the audition tubes of any equilibrium 2. Add 12 drops of 1m H2SO4 to four leaven 3. Then add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ba(NO3)2 to one canvass tube containing 1M H2SO2 4. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ca(NO3)2 to another(prenominal) test tube containing 1M H2SO2 5. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Mg(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M H2SO2 6. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Sr(NO3)2 to the final test tube containing 1M H2SO2 7. view and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 8. Clean the test tubes after taking notes . Repeat the procedure, but now with 12 drops of 1m Na2CO3 in each test tube 10. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Ca(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 11. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Mg(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 12. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Sr(NO3)2 to the final test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 13. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 14. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 15. Repeat the process with 12 drops of 0. 25M (NH4)2C2O4 16.Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 17. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 18. Repeat the process with 12 drops of 0. 1M KIO3 19. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 20. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 21. Repeat the process with 12 drops of unknown (E) 22. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction and deduct if its Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Sr(NO3)2. 23. Clean the test tubes after taking the notesHalogens 1. Place a few drops of bromine water into the test tube and add 12 drops of heptane and shake 2. Repeat the process with chlorine water and iodine water and note any color changes in each 3. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 4. Get three test tubes and add 12 drops of bromine water to each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 5. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M NaCl to the first test tube, 12 drops of 0. 1M NaBr to the second test tube and 12 drops of 0. 1M NaI to the third test tube 6. whole step the color of each reaction 7. Clean the test tubes after taki ng the notes . Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of chlorine water in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 9. Observe the color of each reaction 10. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 11. Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of iodine water in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 12. Observe the color of each reaction 13. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 14. Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of unknown (E) in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 15. Observe the color of each reaction and deduct if the unknown is either NaBr, NaCl or NaI ResultsAlkaline H2SO4 Na2CO3 (NH4)2C2O4 KIO3 Ba(NO3)2 Cloudy exsanguinous actually cloudy white White precipitate sits on bottom Tiny amounts of white precipitate Ca(NO3)2 No reaction Cloudy white Cloudy white precipitate No reaction Mg(NO3)2 No reaction White film on top No reaction No reaction Sr(NO3)2 White precipitate on top White cloudy solution with some white precipitate Faint white cloudy foggy precipitate Little amounts of piffling white precipitate Unknown (E) No reaction White film on top No reaction No reaction .Unknown Alkaline Earth Mg(NO3)2 Reaction between Halogens and Halides NaBr NaCl NaI Unknown (E) Bromine water dismay tripping yellow Golden yellow Faint yellow tint Light faint yellow Chlorine water Dark yellow amber dull Light yellow Dark yellow amber Iodine water Light yellow tint Dark red color Light yellow Light yellow tint Unknown Halogen NaBr Color of Halogens in solution Br2 Cl2 I2 body of water Orangey-Brown Colorless Brown HEP Orange Colorless Purple ConclusionLab ReportIn order to determine the relationship between cocoa consumption and two types of critical signs, respiration rate and simple eye tweet, my group (Group 4) designed a lab that measured the respiration rate and blood pressure of two musicians, once after eat water and then again after consuming hot chocolate. After testing two participants blood pressure and respiration rate, it was found that t he vital signs of the participants remained the same after consuming water but decreased slightly after consuming coffee.This lab is significant because it demonstrates that the consumption of coffee, on the contrary to Group 4s hypothesis, caused a decrease in the vital sign measurements of the two participants rather than increasing as we initially hypothesized. This lab was done to determine and compare the effects that coffee insobriety has on blood pressure and the respiration rate in two participants.The hypothesis configured by our group was that after drinking 1 cup of water the participants blood pressure and respiration rate would remain constant, but after the drinking 1cup of coffee the participants blood pressure and respiration rate would increase as a result of the common compounds found in coffee. The control in this experiment is 1 cup of water, because the participants blood pressure and respiration rate are being measured, but they have not been exposed to the co mmon compounds found in coffee.The drug-addicted variable in the orbit is the participants blood pressure and respiration rate because the vital signs are the component in the experiment that are being measured. The independent variable is what is changed in the experiment and in this experiment that would be the amount of the common compounds the participants consume in 1 cup of coffee. The results of our lab disproved our hypothesis, that consuming coffee would increase the participants blood pressure and respiration rate, as seen in Table 1, Graph 1, and Graph 2.Although our expectations of the measurement of vital signs after consuming 1 cup of water were correct, we had expected the results from the measurement of both the respiration rate and the blood pressure to noticeably increase after consuming coffee due to the common compounds found in coffee. The lab, actually, resulted in the decrease of respiration rate and blood pressure after the consumption of coffee.The study p reformed by the National Cancer Institute measured the association between coffee and its affects on health, as a result of reading this article I conducted a study that worked off the same principle. However, in the lab I attempted to narrow the causal relationship between the two by measuring the participants vital signs, respiration rate and blood pressure, in relationship to consuming coffee versus water and any potential periods or restate periods of evaluated or descended vital signs has to the longevity of ones life.The results of the lab support the findings of the National Cancer Institute because the article states that consuming coffee has positive affects on health and our lab concluded that coffee consumption lowers blood pressure, which is necessary for a person that may struggle with high blood pressure to become healthy. During the lab, the participants physiology, blood pressure and respiration rate, was lowered after consuming coffee, this served to calm the parti cipants vital signs. To improve the validity of the study a few changes could be made to improve the results.For example, I believe that the vital signs were not effected greatly because of the time span used to complete the study, after drinking the coffee we immediately took the vital signs instead of waiting for the full effect to take place. An additional reason for the higher levels of the vital signs before the consumption of coffee could have been due to activities done prior to the lab thus increasing the vital sings measured after drinking water. To improve upon these imperfections, the study could be done earlier in the day and with more resting periods before vital signs are taken.This lab was designed to determine the relationship between coffee consumption and two types of vital signs, respiration and blood pressure. The lab measured the respiration rate and blood pressure of two participants, once after consuming water and then again after consuming coffee. I hypothesi zed that the consumption of coffee would dramatically increase the participants respiration rate and blood pressure due to the consumption of the common compounds found in coffee that typically raise energy levels and alertness.However, the lab resulted in slightly lower respiration rates and blood pressure after the consumption of coffee than water as seen in Table 1, Graph 1, and Graph 2. The lab is significant because it demonstrates that the consumption of coffee, in telephone circuit to our hypothesis, caused a decrease in the vital sign measurements of the two participants rather than increasing as we originally hypothesized. Works Cited National Institues of Health. Coffee drinkers have lower risk of death, study suggests. ScienceDaily, 19 May 2012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012Lab reportRepeatability measurements were taken on a bolt to get the total length, and also measuring the low rate of a faucet by measuring the amount of time it took to fill a beaker. To ensure a more accurate s ample, twenty measurements of each section were obtained. For the batch measurement portion of this lab, a multi-meter was used to measure the resistance in a pack of ten resistors. Each member measured the resistors twice to allow for more precise statistical analysis.After all measurements were recorded, statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation, and true mean range with 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence intervals were used to obtain the results. Once calculations were made, it was determined that there was error in this vibratory due to the environment and to human error, however all of the results fell within the ranges of confidence for each given section. Relevance In this experiment length, flow rate, and resistance was measured and the true mean was calculated. It was observed that the true mean varied depending on the variation of the sample mean and sample standard deviation.It was shown that the population mean, or true mean, could not be found exactly, but could b e estimated as a range with a certain level of confidence with the measurement of the sample mean and sample standard deviation. The knowledge practiced in this lab can be lawful in future experiments if say a company needs to estimate the population average with a specified level of confidence of a bolt that they only have a few samples of. Introduction There are multiple ways of measurement, as well as, many different types of ways to analyze raw data.In this lab the objective is to experiment with two different types of measurements, repeatability and batch measurements. Theoretically the bolt length plus the cap thickness (B+C) should be equal to the measured total length of the bolt(A). Taking multiple measurements done by multiple people until twenty samples re obtained measuring all four components of the bolt and obtaining the raw data of bolt measurements. By having multiple people take measurements a small amount of human error is removed in case one person didnt measure a s accurate.By having multiple measurements done by each person a bigger sample size is obtained, and bigger sample size typically means more accurate results. After the measurements were made a sample mean was calculated, as well as, a sample standard deviation for all four components of the bolt. The sample mean and sample standard deviation were 2 lactated to estimate the true mean of the population with a level of confidence of 90 and 95 percent. Once the true mean of each component was estimated a comparison was made between the total length(A) and the sum of the cap thickness(S) and bolt length(C).In theory (B+C) should equal the total length of the bolt(A), as they represent the same length. Though they should be the same, they are not. The sum of measurements, (B) and (C) yield a much wider range of true mean than the measurement of (A). This difference is created by multiple types of error such as, human error, maybe reading the caliper wrong. Or error such as mechanical err or, maybe the caliper itself was broken or not calibrated. In the second module of this lab the flow rate of the faucet water is measured using a stop watch and a mall beaker.Obtaining the flow rate of the water in 20 different samples, then summarizing the raw data into sample mean and sample standard deviation. With the sample mean and standard deviation, the true mean is to be estimated with a confidence level of 90 percent and then again with 95 percent. In the third module the measurements were made in batches. The measurements of batches of resistors were measured with a Center Multi-meter to make sure they all locked in at the same resistance. The resistors measured in this lab were quite strong, getting up to kick.Each group member measured the batch of resistors twice, then a pooled mean and pooled standard deviation was calculated. Pooling all the members samples together gives us one large sample and a more accurate estimate of the true mean. Using these calculated pooled mean and standard deviation the true mean was found as a range with a 99 percent level of confidence, and then again with a 95 percent level of confidence. The experimental setup and procedures are described in section The results of the experiments can be found n section V followed by conclusions in section VI.The appendix with the data chart can be found in sectionVeil Testing the repeatability of the measurements and taking the sample average and sample standard deviation to compare with each other, as well as, estimate the population mean and standard deviation. In three different modules linear dimension, flow rate, and resistance were measured. The primary objectives of this lab are to practice using devices that measure length and flow rate, to apply statistical principles to raw data sets, and to become familiar with use off multi-meter. Formulas Used Sample MeanStandard Deviation True Mean Range 3 Experiment Equipment Pittsburgh 6 Caliper Bolt Cent-Tech Digital Multi-meter CTD 10 pack of electrical resistors (gold, yellow, red, yellow) mall Beaker Digital Stopwatch Procedure This experiment utilizes the billeted above. The experiment is broken down into three sections. First take the caliper and the bolt, calibrate the caliper to make sure that accurate measurements are collected. Measure the complete length of the bolt, thickness of the head, width of the threads and the length of the bolt to the base of the head.Repeat the measurement a total of twenty times split evenly between the roof members and record the results. Second, take a mall beaker and a stopwatch to the sink and turn the water faucet on to attain a constant flow rate of water. Use the stopwatch to measure the time it takes from the first drop of water entering the beaker to the instant the water begins to overflow from the top of the beaker. Empty the beaker of water repeat this measurement a total of twenty times split evenly between the group members and record the results. For the last portion of this lab, take a pack of resistors and the multi-meter.Set the millimeter to the appropriate reference resistance and begin measuring each of the sisters one at a 4 time. Each member will measure the set of resistors twice for a total of twenty resistance measurements per each member of the group. Record the measurements from each member and calculate the true mean resistance. Procedure Changes The only change/ improvement made to the experiment was during the batch measurement section. It was found that more accurate readings of each resistor could be attained by taping the resistor pack to the table to keep it in place while using the probes to measure the resistance.This change will allow the group to move quicker through the experiment and not to make any mistakes such as possibly measuring the same resistor twice in a row. The experimental procedure is very straight forward and the group should not encounter any difficulties. Results/Discussion This lab require d three different modules to be completed with two different types of measurements batch and repeatability. The bolt measurement along with the volume flow rate were to be completed using repeatability, while the resistance module used batch measurements.The data was to be recorded and put into tables and analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and true mean to determine whether the measurements were in the desired confidence intervals. 5 Linear Dimension Module The first set of data was recorded using a manual caliper and a bolt. Four measurements were to be taken from the bolt length, cap thickness, bolt length, and major diameter. These measurements lead to some error as expected, mostly human error and calibration of the manual calipers. There was also some error due to the uneven sides of the bolt and the angle at which the calipers were held against the bolt.Table la. Shows the summarized data falls within the 95% Confidence Interval. Measurement Total Length (A) Cap Thic kness (B) Bolt Length (C) Major Diameter (D) B+C Sample Mean (in. ) (in. ) 2. 2661 0. 0033 0. 2825 0. 0031 1 . 9791 0. 0262 . 30327 0. 0007 2. 2616 0. 0268 Table la. Statistics of Bolt Measurements (95%) 2. 265, 2. 267 0. 2810, 0. 2839 1. 967, 1. 991 0. 3024, 0. 3030 2. 249, 2. 274 The second part of the linear module was to compare the difference between the total length (A) and the sum of cap thickness and bolt length (B+C).The results show that there was a lower CLC with the total length measurement than with the addition of two parts. This is most likely because of the accuracy of two measurements has more mom for error from the angle of the calipers and human error. Table b. Shows the comparison of the two measurements. The full experimental data for the linear module is listed in Table A in the Appendix. Table b. Comparison of bolt statistics Flow Rate Module Measurement of the flow rate from a sink using a stopwatch and beaker was the second of the repeatability measurements. This module produced the most error most likely from human error with stopping and starting of the stopwatch. The inconsistent flow from the sink also contributed to some of the error. The standard aviation in this experiment was high, but after 6 calculating the true mean range for a 90% and 95% confidence interval, the sample mean falls within both ranges with a few outliers. Table LLC. Shows the summary of the data. The full experimental data is listed in Table B in the Appendix . (ECMA/min) 5300. 95 CLC (ECMA/metro) 138. 835 5247. 27, 5354. 3 Table LLC. Flow Rate Module Statistics 95% CLC (ECMA/metro) 5235. 97, 5365. 93 Resistance Module In the final part of this lab, resistors were to be measured in batches from each of the group members. This section of the lab showed the most precision with the least error. From the color coded bands on the ten resistors, it was concluded that the value of the resistors was 470 sq. All of the results in table old. Show that the resistors were only reading 400 sq. All 60 recorded measurements were close to 400 ink which could be from mislabel resistors.The pooled mean of the three samples does fall within the 90% and 95% confidence intervals even with including some outliers in the data. The full experimental data can be found in Table C in the Appendix. Sample Mean (Q) 400. 033 99% (Q) 1. 588 399. 02, 401. 05 Table old. Resistance Module Statistics 95% CLC (sq) 399. 29, 400. 78 Conclusion This laboratory focused on repeatability measurements, batch measurements, and statistical concepts/ principles to analyze the collected data. This was achieved through the use of a caliper, stopwatch, and a digital multi-meter for measurement purposes.Using these tools, the group is able to measure length, flow rate, and resistance. The statistical concepts used in this lab were sample mean, standard deviation, true mean, and the range and level of confidence. The results of the linear dimension module prove that there is always going to be a small amount of human error when using devices such as a manual caliper. That error is relatively larger when trying to sum two measurements as compared to measuring a total length . The measurement of the bolt as a whole has a narrower CIA and true mean range of 2. 265, 2. 267.The 7 standard deviation for total length (A) 0. 0033 in. supports the theory that measuring the entire length at once is more accurate than summing the cap thickness (B) and bolt length (C) together, which is evident by analyzing the standard deviation of (B+C) 0. 0268 in. . The results of the flow rate module show that there is significantly far more human error when trying to measure the time it takes for water o fill a beaker. This can be attributed to response time of starting/stopping the stopwatch. The standard deviation 138. 835 /min seems high, but calculations show that the sample mean 5300. 5 /min falls within the true mean range for CLC 5247. 27, 5354. 63 /metro and also for 95% CLC 5235 . 97, 5365. 93 /min. The results of the resistance module indicated a difference between the sample mean 400. 033 sq of the batch measurements and the supposed value of the resistors 470 sq according to the color coded bands. This was the most precise module with a standard deviation of 1. 588 sq and all the pooled means fall within he 95% CLC with a true mean range of 399. 29, 400. 78 sq, and the 99% CLC with a range of 399. 02, 401. 05 sq.This laboratory experiment allowed the group to differentiate between repeatability measurements and batch measurements and apply the statistical theories learned in lecture to analyze the collected data. To minimize error percentage, calibrating the caliper before each measurement might be advantageous. Another advantage might be making markings on the bolt where each member of the group takes measurements instead of at random/different spots each time.Lab ReportLab Report 3 In this lab, we will take a trip to the planetarium lab and will learn about Right ascension and declination, and altitude and zenith. After looking at the different points shown, we will log the altitude and zenith in the chart in our lab manual. Now we will look at the same points and label the right ascension and declination. Then we will learn about the easiest way to locate the star Polaris. As we started the first program, we answered a few questions to make sure we knew the general idea of stars.Then we labeled the altitude and azimuth of five objects. Aldebran had a altitude of 54o and an azimuth of 203o. Betelgeuse had an altitude of 47o and an azimuth of 203o. Castor had an altitude of 62o and an azimuth 118o. Deneb had an altitude of 13o and an azimuth of 328o. Elnath had an altitude of 68o and an azimuth of 184o. After that, we looked at the right ascension and declination (RA and DEC). Aldebran had a RA of 4. 6 hours and a DEC of 16o. Elnath had an RA of 5. 3 hours and a DEC of 28o. Betelgeuse had an RA of 5. hours and a DEC of 8o. Castor had an RA of 7. 6 hours and a DEC of 32o. Deneb had an RA of 20. 7 hours and a DEC of 46o. Finally we looked at the Big Dipper and the Cassopia to find the star Polaris. This lab was super cool, I loved it. The planetarium was great way to learn more about the different constellations and stars in the sky. I never knew that Polaris was so close to the Big Dipper. Finding the all the right ascensions and declinations of the objects were fairly easy and felt like I learned to do it pretty easily now.Lab ReportExample lab report of Synthesis of potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate Posted byNurul Yunaliyana Experiment 5 Synthesis of potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate Purpose to synthesis potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. 3H2O. Introduction Ferrous ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O is dissolved in a slightly acid solution, excess oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is added and the following reaction takes place Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C 3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O FeC2O4 is finely divided precipitate and tends to be colloidal.However, heating the solution causes it to coagulate and facilitates separating the precipitate from the solution. Potassium oxalate is added to the FeC2O4 precipitate, which produces a slightly basic solution for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion, by hydroxide, H2O2. The following reaction takes place H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- The OH- ion concentration of the solution is high enough so that some of the Fe3+ reacts with OH- to form ferric hydroxide(brown precipitate) as follows Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 With the addition of more H2C2O4, the Fe(OH)3 dissolves and the soluble complex K3fe(c2o4)3. h20 is formed according to 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3Fe(c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2o Ethanol is added to the solution to cause the complex iron salt to precipitate. Data analysis and Discussion In this experiment, I have studied how to synthesis coordination compound. Coordina tion compounds are formed when a neutral metal atom Fe acting as a Lewis acid, reacts with some neutral molecules, acting as Lewis bases or when a metallic cation, acting as a Lewis acid, reacts with any of a variety of organic or inorganic molecules, cations, or anions, acting as Lewis bases.These Lewis bases C2O4 and H2O are called ligands. (Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors and Lewis bases are electron pair donors. Ferrous ammonium solution is added with oxalic acid dihydrate solution will form yellow solution with yellow precipitate. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2. 6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O Then it is heated to boiling and the supernatant is decanted. As it is added with solid potassium oxalate, it is allowed to heat at 40 0 C and drop wise added with H2O2 and the solution turns to brown with precipitate for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion.H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe (OH) 3 Next, more oxalic acid dihydrate is added until the so lution turns to colourless. 3k2C2O4 + 2Fe (OH) 3 + 3H2C2O4 2K3 Fe (c2o4)3. 3H20 + 3h2O The colourless solution is boiled then it turns to pale green solution. The solution is filtered then leaves for crystallization. After that, the green crystal is filtered and washed with 11 ethanol/ water and cooled acetone. The mass of bright (luminescent) green crystals is obtained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. The precautions that we must take are while heat the solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate and solution of oxalic acid dihydrate as it will bump. Next, beware of temperature (at least 40 0 C) of solution when add H2O2 into the solution. The next experiment is determination of the percentage of ligands in coordination compounds. Conclusion I have studied how to synthesis coordination compound which is potassium tris (oxalato) ferrate (III) trihydrate ,K3 Fe (C2O4)3. H2O. The mass of bright (luminescent) green crystals is ob tained which is 3. 2822 g. So, the percent yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O that I have obtained is 47. 72 %. Reference 1. Hadariah Bahron, Kamariah Muda, S. Rohaiza S. Omar, Karimah Kassim (2011). Inorganic Chemistry. Experiments for Undergraduates, UPENA UiTM 2008. http//chem. science. oregonstate. edu/courses/ch221-3s/ch223s/2010_U_session_1/Report_Guideline_Green_Crystal_Sp_2010. pdfLab ReportLab 7 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to analyze known solutions of Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 and Sr(NO3)2 (alkaline earths) and known solutions of NaBr, NaCl and NaI (halogens). Then we are given an unknown solution to determine what ions are present. Materials 1. Test tubes 2. Test tube holder 3. Pipet 4. 1 M H2SO4 5. 0. 1 M Na(NO3)2 6. 0. 1 M Ca(NO3)2 7. 1 M Na2CO3 8. 0. 25 M (NH4)2C2O4 9. 0. 1 M KIO3 10. Bromine water 11. Chlorine water 12. Iodine water 13. 0. 1 M NaCl 14. 0. 1 M NaBr 15. 0. 1 M NaI 16. Unknown (E) MethodsAlkaline Earths 1. Wash the test tubes of any residue 2. A dd 12 drops of 1m H2SO4 to four test 3. Then add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ba(NO3)2 to one test tube containing 1M H2SO2 4. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Ca(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M H2SO2 5. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Mg(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M H2SO2 6. Add 12 drops of 0. 1m Sr(NO3)2 to the final test tube containing 1M H2SO2 7. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 8. Clean the test tubes after taking notes . Repeat the procedure, but now with 12 drops of 1m Na2CO3 in each test tube 10. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Ca(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 11. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Mg(NO3)2 to another test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 12. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M Sr(NO3)2 to the final test tube containing 1M Na2CO3 13. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 14. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 15. Repeat the process with 12 drops of 0. 25M (NH4)2C2O4 16.Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 17. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 18. Repeat the process with 12 drops of 0. 1M KIO3 19. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction 20. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 21. Repeat the process with 12 drops of unknown (E) 22. Observe and take notes on the precipitate or the lack of precipitate in each reaction and deduct if its Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 or Sr(NO3)2. 23. Clean the test tubes after taking the notesHalogens 1. Place a few drops of bromine water into the test tube and add 12 drops of heptane and shake 2. Repeat the process with chlorine water and iodine water and note any color changes in each 3. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 4. Get three test tubes and add 12 drops of bromine water to each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 5. Add 12 drops of 0. 1M NaCl to the first test tube, 12 drops of 0. 1M NaBr to the second test tub e and 12 drops of 0. 1M NaI to the third test tube 6. Note the color of each reaction 7. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes . Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of chlorine water in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 9. Observe the color of each reaction 10. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 11. Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of iodine water in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 12. Observe the color of each reaction 13. Clean the test tubes after taking the notes 14. Repeat the steps but with 12 drops of unknown (E) in each test tube with 12 drops of HEP 15. Observe the color of each reaction and deduct if the unknown is either NaBr, NaCl or NaI ResultsAlkaline H2SO4 Na2CO3 (NH4)2C2O4 KIO3 Ba(NO3)2 Cloudy white Very cloudy white White precipitate sits on bottom Tiny amounts of white precipitate Ca(NO3)2 No reaction Cloudy white Cloudy white precipitate No reaction Mg(NO3)2 No reaction White film on top No reaction No reaction Sr(NO3)2 White precipitate o n top White cloudy solution with some white precipitate Faint white cloudy foggy precipitate Little amounts of tiny white precipitate Unknown (E) No reaction White film on top No reaction No reaction .Unknown Alkaline Earth Mg(NO3)2 Reaction between Halogens and Halides NaBr NaCl NaI Unknown (E) Bromine water Light faint yellow Golden yellow Faint yellow tint Light faint yellow Chlorine water Dark yellow amber Colorless Light yellow Dark yellow amber Iodine water Light yellow tint Dark red color Light yellow Light yellow tint Unknown Halogen NaBr Color of Halogens in solution Br2 Cl2 I2 Water Orangey-Brown Colorless Brown HEP Orange Colorless Purple Conclusion