Romantic Poets and Their Response to Nature Essay -- Romantic Poets Po

Sentimental Poets and Their Response to Nature Consider how the sentimental writers have reacted to the subject of nature with close references to at any rate three sonnets contemplated. Consider how the sentimental writers have reacted to the subject of nature with close references to in any event three sonnets considered, remark in detail on: 1. Symbolism (for example analogy, illustration, representation.) 2. Topic/topic 3. Attributes of the sentimental development Sentimentalism was a beautiful development of the nineteenth century, during The French Revolution. The verse thought about sentiments of ordinary occasions. It was written in an oversimplified language with the goal that everybody could comprehend and acknowledge verse in light of the fact that prior verse was composed officially with a mind boggling language, which just the knowledgeable could see completely. Sentimental sonnets had solid qualities, which stick out, these are: polytheism, the significance of youth and recollections, a shortsighted style, a casual and regular language, enthusiastic and political. From contemplating Keats, Coleridge and Wordsworth Nature has been the most persuasive trademark, and has roused them to compose individual sonnets pondering God, perpetual quality, instruction, adolescence and memory. The sonnet 'To Autumn' composed by Keats (1795-1821) is a run of the mill sentimental sonnet and in the principal sentence 'Period of fog and smooth productivity,' we as of now have a feeling of smoothness on the grounds that the words 'fog' and 'smooth' are exceptionally delicate and delicate sounding words. Keats has utilized 'm' and 's' words like these since he needs to get over the smoothness of fall and how loose it is, he does this by utilizing words which are practically difficult to be said in a cruel and horrible manner. Keats emphatically adores na... ... to imagine a incomparable, ideal scene of precisely what Westminster resembles in the morning. 'All brilliant and sparkling in the smokeless air. Never did sun progressively delightful steep In his first wonder,' is developing a sentiment of warmth since it is a vivid entry. The word 'steep' builds the peruser's feeling of touch. To include nature into the sonnet Wordsworth has remarked on 'open unto the fields, and the sky,' this has set a quiet tone to the sonnet and has illustrated that nature can live respectively in concordance with man. This picture truly grabs hold of Wordsworth and in a condition of energy in light of the flawlessness he shouts out to God 'Dear God.' This has added life to the sonnet and to return to the serenity and quiet flawlessness he has included about how still London is toward the beginning of the day, which implies his 'omnipotent heart is lying still.

Development of and Access to Article 234 (indirect actions)

Improvement of and Access to Article 234 (roundabout activities) Fundamentally survey the advancement and improvement of access to and activity of Article 234 (aberrant activities) with respect both to general and legitimacy references for primer decisions. Clarify that referral to the ECJ by means of Article 234 doesn't establish an intrigue, yet perceives the need to accurately decipher the qualification between the standards and standards related with keeping up the use of Community law.â The consideration of Article 234 guarantees that the law keeps on being applied reliably among all Member States as per the expectations of Article 220 as noted previously.  Accordingly, inside the statutes of EU approaches, the law should consistently be maintained.â However, it is likewise intriguing to take note of that decisions in resulting case law have pulled in analysis according to prohibitive translations of the significance of individual concern, viewed as at change with the necessity for viable legal security for Community law rights, a standard set up and maintained by the Community courts in compatible of Article 234.â â When perusing Article 234 logical inconsistencies would seem to propose a contention concerning when applications for decisions ought to be made.â This is, in any case, reasonably effectively arranged if prudence is applied related to the understanding of individual case law and, since January 1999, through Guidelines gave by the ECJ itself along these lines joined into the Court of Appeal’s Practice Directive and the Civil Procedure Rules, Part 68.â Settling questions between Member States, the different foundations inside the EU and those individual countries, and settling individual and friends debates at change with EU approaches are increasingly significant capacities shown by the ECJ. EU strategies and enactment must be deciphered and clung to inside the protection of the law, a factor which the ECJ sees through Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome.â Conversation An especially significant capacity the ECJ completes, inside Article 234, is to keep up the idea of harmonization between Member States and to guarantee that the law is reliably applied between the entirety of its members.â As decisions made by the ECJ are authoritative on all Member Nations, any referrals made by singular household courts to explain EU enactment keeps up homogeneity among the European Union.â According to Article 234 purview might be applied by the ECJ in issues of understanding of strategy issues, ‘the legitimacy and translation of demonstrations of the institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and ‘the understanding of the resolutions of bodies set up by a demonstration of the Council†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.â An especially significant provision inside Article 234 identifies with referrals from local courts who require the law explained inside the sponsorship of EU conventions which, because of the rigid uses of a large number of the guidelines and guidelines can be e specially adumbrative.â This specific perspective was uncovered for the situation ofâ Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission, and again on account of Brown, the last of which was especially fascinating a result of the absence of explicit point of reference inside UK national law and, comparably around then, EU enactment itself.â In this specific case the ECJ decided that an accommodation may be introduced to the ECtHR for their consideration.â Accordingly, referrals could be either required, in situations where the House of Lords considers further explanation is important, after which the case is chosen by the court which made the referral.â Additionally optional referrals might be made as far as the Court of Appeal or a lower court who may choose to allude a case to the ECJ for explanation, or deciding to actualize their own astuteness to arrive at a decision.â On account of Bulmer v Bollinger it was chosen by Lord Denning that Article 234 [para 2] decisions should just be refered to where their usage would bring about the case being finished up, acte clair tenet ought to be prohibited, and in cases previously explained by an ECJ governing further explanation ought not be esteemed necessary.â Furthermore, any factor bringing about potential treachery because of uncivilized postpone should likewise be thought of, along with different other factors.â If Jã ©go-Quã ©rã ©, for example, had been fruitful in their first Action for Annulment, different results could have come about, in spite of the fact that the outcomes would be reliant upon semantics:â through intercession conjuring Article 231, a Regulation could be restricted, despite the fact that an Act need be pronounced void.â CONCLUSION Although this matter of postponement ought to have been halfway settled by the presentation of the Court of First Instance which was given the dispatch to assuage a portion of the weight from the ECJ, alluding on as vital any assessment of rule to the ECJ for an audit of its judgment â€Å"where a genuine danger of solidarity or consistency of Community law† may some way or another result. Any deterrent ought to likewise have been resolved through the presentation, following the Treaty of Nice, of Judicial Panels, which makes certain referrals to the Court of First Instance, albeit minimal real proof of this has been recorded as EU participation has kept on developing exponentially. After the Treaty of European Union and the Treaties Establishing the European Communities were fused into the Treaty of Amsterdam, monetary co-activity between Member States turned out to be to a greater degree a reality.â This successfully expanded the degree of impact the European Parliament could have on each nation’s residential game plans.  â Before the Treaty of Rome, it took an apparent break of Community law for the privileges of the person to be perceived by a Judicial Review of Community Acts, through the conjuring of Articles 230 to 233.â However, as per the ethos of Article 234, the European Court of Justice may now apply the essential enactment proposed to decipher and apply EU arrangements through keeping up the level of influence inside the Member States and characterizing the equalization yielded among the EU Community to keep up agreement between the dissimilar countries that comprise the Union.â   As an outcome, an individual ought to have the privilege of help, inside EC law, of the ECtHR. Following this decision the prohibitive translation of the importance of individual concern has been reprimanded as being at chances with the necessity for compelling legal assurance for Community law rights, a guideline built up and maintained by the Community courts through their understanding of Article 230 [ para. 4], regardless of Advocate General Jacobs’ see that â€Å"the head of successful legal security is a piece of Community law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Reference index BOOKS: Derbyshire, P (2004):â Eddey Darbyshire on the English Legal System (seventh ed). Andover:â Sweet Maxwell Maitland-Walker, Julian and Sully, Robert (2002):â ECJ Defines the Right of an Individual to Challenge EC Laws that Detrimentally Affect it.â London:â Goldens Publications Roney, Alex and Budd, Stanley (1998):â The European Union:â a guide through the EC/EU Maze (sixth ed), page 35 ARTICLES: Edwards, David O (1995):â How the Court of Justice Works.â European Law Review, Vol 20, Issue 539 HMSO: sixth Report of Session 2003 †04:â Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission:â The Future Role of the European Court of Justice.â Report with Evidence.â London:â HMSO. HL Paper 47..â Published fifteenth March 2004 Ragolle, Filip (2003):â Access to Justice for Private Applicants in the Community Legal Order:â Recent (R)Evolutions. European Law Review, Vol 28, Issue 1, Pages 90 101 Enactment: Article 119 Article 220 (beforehand Article 164) Article 225 (already Article 168a) Article 230 (beforehand Article 177) Article 234 Article 234 [para. 2] Article 234 [para. 3] Chamber Decision 88/591, OJ (L319) 1 [1988] OJ (C 340) 1 [1997] Arrangement of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm TABLE OF CASES: Bulmer v Bollinger [1974] CA Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission CILFIT v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 3415 HP Bulmer Ltd v J Bollinger SA [1974] 2 All ER 1226 Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v United Kingdom (1997) 24 EHRR 39, ECtHR Macarthys Ltd v Smith [1979] 3 All ER 325 Pickstone v Freemans plc [1988] HL R v Brown [1993] 2 All ER HL 82 Re Tachographs: EC Commission v UK [1979] 2 CMLR 45 Torfaen Borough Council v B Q [1990] ECJ Van Duyn v Home Office [1974] 3 All ER 178 ONLINE RESOURCES: (all destinations visited 18/06/05)Available at URLs: http://www.curia.eu.int/jurisp/cgi-canister/gettext.pl?lang=ennum=79958777T1904 %20R0201_2doc=Touvert=Tseance=ORDwhere=() Delaney, Erin (2003):â Right to an Effective Remedy †Judicial Protection and European Citizenship. http://www.fedtrust.co.uk/transfers/constitution/delaney.pdf Arrangement of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm

Operation MARKET GARDEN - September 1944 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Activity MARKET GARDEN - September 1944 - Essay Example With a great deal of American, Commonwealth and British soldiers positioned in London, the brought together Anglo-American order tried to discover a method for entering Germany. A portion of the Allied pioneers accepted that the passage into Germany should be possible on the off chance that it was propelled from the south of the Europe through Italy into Germany. Be that as it may, pressures from the shelling of London by intermittent German airforce attacks over Britain made a case for a critical activity to prevent the Germans from besieging London. General Montgomery went under extreme weight by the British government to look for a military mediation over the English channel to terrain Europe. The Americans who overwhelmingly dwarfed the British and Commonwealth troops had order over the joint Allied order. They didn't support the immediate attack of Germany through the northern outskirts. They upheld an attack through a more fragile point in the German guard lines. With his impact and regard, Montgomery arranged an activity intended to lead the Allies to enter A german area. This prompted what became know as Operation Market Garden. In the activity, the Allied powers were to hold onto a progression of key positions like extensions and cause various Allied soldiers to parachute behind adversary lines to prompt infiltration. The arrangement of the activity was to break the Nazi wilderness and free the remainder of Europe by December 1944. In any case, because of huge scope operational disappointments and the solid and effective control of the wilderness by the Nazis, the activity neglected to live to desire and it the Allies had to utilize an alternate methodology a while later1. Notwithstanding, the activity accompanied such huge numbers of significant exercises that are applicable to present day military fighting. It tends to be applied to various circumstances and can be utilized to plot a few speculative cases. The way that there are various methodologies and frameworks to the Operation Market Garden implies that it could be assessed and

Esperanza Rising Essay Topics

Esperanza Rising Essay TopicsThe Esperanza Rising Essay Topics website offers several questions and exercises to help you practice writing essays and get used to writing essay topics. A few of the topics covered are: Independence Day, upcoming elections, the Persian Gulf War, peacemaking in the Middle East, homelessness in New York City, conservation, environmental concern, the integration of computers in our society, World AIDS Day, global leadership, the international community, dietary guidelines, and two weeks of tourism in New Zealand. You can also study up on U.S. history and how their political system works.This study guides you in the process of writing the internationalist essay topics and they include lesson plans, study guides, questionnaires, and other work at home projects. You'll learn how to use text files and databases to make the essays more engaging and authentic. Many of the lessons involve a timeline and they're interactive so you can listen to the teacher do his or her lecture to help you learn. If you have a family member that has a speech impediment, they may be able to meet you for a group presentation of the essay topic you want to write.You can download each Esperanza Rising essay topics lesson as a text file, so that you can listen to the lecturer or the text for help. Each lesson uses graphs and charts to make the essay topics more interesting and eye-catching. This provides you with tools that you can use to help in your writing so that you can write more effectively.If you're really interested in learning how to write the Esperanza Rising Essay Topics, you can find the following about the lesson plans that are appropriate for your learning abilities. Some of the lessons are those that are easily mastered and less complex; others are difficult and take time to learn. When you're working on a difficult essay topic, you want to make sure that you have a review period, so that you can return to your initial point.When you choose the Es peranza Rising Essay Topics, you'll find that you can download the lessons, including video files, to make them more user-friendly. You can also use the interactive voice and text software to help you study. You'll find that the lessons cover different topics such as: the process of writing essays, essay writing practice, essay topic planning, effective use of text files, and methods for adding content to the text files.Many of the essays that you will write in the course can be published as essays and they can be used to prove that you know how to write the Esperanza Rising Essay Topics. The essays will be used in your college admissions and research writing requirements. If you have a strong essay writing skill, you may want to consider turning your essays into lesson plans that can be published online.If you're interested in writing the Esperanza Rising Essay Topics, then you should look into the lessons. You can purchase the materials online and use them to practice and help you to study. You can download each lesson, so that you can listen to the lecturer or the text for help.

Health Insurance Matrix Essay - 2138 Words

University of Phoenix Material Health Insurance Matrix Origin: When was the model first used? What kind of payment system is used, such as prospective, retrospective, or concurrent? Who pays for care? What is the access structure, such as gatekeeper, open-access, and so forth? How does the model affect patients? Include pros and cons. How does the model affect providers? Include pros and cons. Indemnity In 1932 the American Medical Association (AMA) adopted a strong position against prepaid group practices, favoring instead indemnity-type insurance that protects the policyholder from expenses by reimbursement (Jones Bartlett, 2007). As one of the first health policies in the U.S., indemnity plans are considered†¦show more content†¦Potential for higher payment amounts at time of service. Alternatively, there is a potential for greater debt amounts. Larger debts will make it necessary for health care providers to be more aggressive for collections. Providers will also encounter increased staff costs in order to follow-up with patients in advance of treatment, as well as in subsequent collection efforts (Fifth Third Bank, 2008). Point-of-service HealthPartners of Minneapolis pioneered point-of-service (POS) plans in 1961, but the concept took 25 years to get off the starting blocks (Dimmit, B., 1996). In 1986 CIGNA Healthcare launched Flexcare, the first POS plan. By 1995 forty percent of employers with at least 200 employees offered POS plans. Providers within a point-of-service network are usually paid a capitated fee. The fee is fixed and does not alter regardless of services rendered. POS plans operate using a prospective payment system. Insurance companies reimburse providers an agreed amount that is decided before a patient receives services. Patients are responsible for paying a co-payment when visiting a doctor. After the patient is seen, the provider submits claim forms to the insurer for the services rendered. Once the claims are processed the insurer will reimburse the provider (Austin Wetle, 2012). If a patient goes out-of-network, they are required to pay the provider in full. Afterwards the patient can submit a claim for reimbursement. Point-of-service insurance plansShow MoreRelatedHealth Insurance Matrix3133 Words   |  13 PagesMaterial Health Insurance Matrix As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the various models of health insurance to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. 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The Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by...

The Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by William Shakespeare The witches in a barren heath are the first to mention Macbeth - thus indicating that he, the main character of the play, has, or will have a very strong tie to them and evil. Shakespeare opens the play with a dark and mysterious atmosphere, setting the mood of the play using a thunderstorm, an example of pathetic fallacy, a device used effectively throughout the play. This opening suggests that a battle is going on between good and evil; the witches reinforce this suggestion: When the battles lost and won. This play immediately gives the impression of deceit and evil scheming because as the witches riddle relates Fair†¦show more content†¦Scene Three returns to the witches and we find them discussing the way in which they have drained a shipman of his human quality. This can be seen as a prophecy of Macbeths future - as he is gradually reduced to inhuman evil. There is a sense of dramatic irony as we see what the witches are up to as Banquo and Macbeth are unaware of the ir presence. Macbeths statement: So foul and fair a day I have not seen, a repetition of what the witches earlier said, clearly links Macbeth to the witches. The witches prophecy that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and King and that Banquos children shall be kings. The two friends dispute about what the witches had to say, and there seems to be a sense of rivalry and jealousy between them. We see Macbeth starting to tread his own path, as he feels certain that the witches prophecies are true, especially when King Duncan bestows on him the title of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is already quaking - with both fear and excited anticipation - at the idea of becoming King and we hear in a soliloquy that he is already contemplating murder - high treason. Banquo is more suspicious of the instruments of darkness (the witches). 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The theme of appearance versus reality is constantly repeated throughout the play, as it greatly contributes to the development of the plot. The idea is constantly conveyed by the characters using a pleasantRead MoreOne of the most important themes in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare comes from one of the600 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most important themes in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare comes from one of the last lines in Act 1, Scene 1 of the play. The three witches speak this line Fair is foul, and foul is fair (1:1:12), shortly before they disperse and it becomes a prophecy and an secret warning throughout the rest of the play. This one line becomes more and more important as the play unfolds beginning even with Macbeth’s opinions at the beginning of the story and lasting throughout the play withRead MoreFate Vs. Free Will988 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the scottish tragedy Macbeth, William Shakespeare plays with the concept of fate versus free will in the the title character, Macbeth. This internal conflict is sparked and continued by the presence of the witches; three old hags whose primary purpose is presumably to serve evil. The three witches are in control of Macbeth throughout the play by incanting prophecies that ultimately remove Macbeth’s free will. Shakespeare chooses the witches to serve as the stimulant for Macbeth’s unethicalRead MoreAppearances are Deceiving in Shakespeares Macbeth. Reference quotes to the text and lines cited.1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance play The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, truly demonstrated a compelling tale of greed, power, and jealousy. The play revealed the turn of a good nobleman into a powerful and greedy king. It showed audiences how one crime led to another and eventually to a gruesome melee. Throughout the tragedy there appeared to be a reoccurring theme stated finest as appearances are deceiving. The audience is first introduced to the theme in the first scene of the play where theRead MoreEquivocation in Macbeth2636 Words   |  11 PagesEquivocation in Macbeth In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the theme of equivocation to effectively illustrate the evil nature of the witches. Equivocation is the use of ambiguous expressions in order to mislead. The prophecies of the witches play a mischief in this play, as they are a form of deception that at times use vague language to dodge an issue. The three influential prophecies, which the witches make in this play, are that the protagonist Macbeth will become the king of Scotland, BanquoRead MoreTheme of Fair is Foul in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesTheme of Fair is Foul in William Shakespeares Macbeth Fair is Foul is the major theme in Macbeth and is present throughout the play in both the characters and the events. Fair is Foul refers to the contrast of good and evil in the play, since Macbeth commits many evil murders for what seem to be good reasons. There are several false and secretive characters, such as the Witches, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, because of the contradiction of good and evil. Therefore the

Teaching Reputational Risk Management

Question: Discuss about the Teaching Reputational Risk Management. Answer: Introduction: According to the case study, Johnson Skin Care Products is a manufacturer and distributor of cosmetics across the US, particularly in Kentucky and other cities. Changes were made in their supply chain function following a new expert in supply chain management occupying the role. Even though overheads of the supply chain were escalating, yearly sales of the business kept on rising as well. The organization serves their clients with the normal of three-day add up to request satisfaction cycle concentrating on four primary ranges. As of late, the organization crest their most elevated yearly deal volume as their first time and after that the organization chose the supply chain sellers among the diverse providers. Management considered that the higher measure of offer volume could build a supply chain cost. At that point, the supply chain cost is a component to consider and Johnson Skin Care questioned on alternate variables that still exists in choosing distinctive providers (Amit et al , 2016). There have three distinct channels to supply their items to client. They are retail location (coordinate) with half deals volume, accommodation stores with 30% deals volume and mass traders with 19.8% deals volume (Kim, 2013). All these three channels are taking completely mindful of their benefits. From deals, result of cost of products sold (COGS) takes 38% of offers. In this way, the high of COGS is affecting on the organization's benefit because of the supply chain related cost as a current confronted issue. Each item is conveying from the appropriation focuses over the US, utilizing the three-day satisfaction cycle. In this dispersion, they have marking and labeling procedures. Every one of the requests of Retail and comfort store is conveyed as an unlabeled Johnson items while the requests for mass traders are named items. In this manner, the organization purchased the naming machine and devalues that gear with the straight-line reason for a long time. Therefore, the labeling or naming expense is the other issue to lessen before dispersion to mass trader (Byoung-Chun Hyunjeong, 2016). The main problems in the distribution chain of JSK are higher inventory cost and higher transportation cost. Optimization of Operations The goal of supply chain improvement is to build up the better execution from the whole chain of business process. As indicated by Christian et al, (2016), Johnson Skin Care is required the effective supply chains management to contend the worldwide markets with a specific end goal to decrease the operational cost in supply chain framework, increment the client benefit level under the current monetary condition and augmenting the organization's net revenue. Supply chain framework is essential particularly for restorative items due to the touchy crude material, complex creation handle and changing condition as high client desire. Johnson Skin Care has higher business requests and increment in business many-sided quality between client, process and innovations. In this way, the development of the supply chain arrangement ought to be teamed up between accomplices, wholesalers and providers. As indicated by Christoph et al, (2016), the advancement of supply chain framework is utilized to limit the operational cost of supply chain process and it can likewise shift as per the item volume, supply chain cost, productivity, piece of the pie and stock, money change, money, duty and CO2 discharge. For instance, of cost decreases and quality change, Este Lauder (EL) corrective firm is the outstanding organization among the restorative business as indicated by their seat checking framework on supply chain execution in view of the changing needs of their business. As per the given situation, JSK is additionally confronting the higher supply chain cost issue. Thus, the powerful streamlining is required to introduce in JSK's working framework. The management group needs to arrange the improvement procedure of supply chain framework. These enhancement procedures can be examined by three courses, for example, supply chain configuration, organizing advancement, and transport improvement. For the given situation, the execution of big business asset arrangement framework can cover these three ranges of required streamlining (Tieman, 2011). Usage of Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is secured these zones as well as dispensed with high cost printed material mistakes or blunders, to quicken the data circulation and participation, and to enhance the quality and proficiency of methodologies. Subsequently, the cosmetics manufacture will utilize ERP framework for the lessening of cost and quality change with their business operation framework. ERP frameworks can make useful joining in business and this capacity can discuss proficiently with each other. The completely ERP operation can incorporate the connection amongst providers as well as merchants and clients. From this ERP usage, the data framework can give more achievement in supply chain handle, increment availability with clients and more business benefit (Christos et al, 2013). Cost Allocation Policy As per the scenario given, it is indicated that a big boost is there in overheads concerning the supply chain, and the existing system of allocation of cost for supply chain is indicated in the table below. Retail Convenience Stores Total SALES $120,000 $150,000 $270,000 Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) ($40,000) ($40,000) ($80,000) Distribution ($30,000) ($30,000) ($60,000) GROSS MARGIN $50,000 $80,000 $130,000 Packaging and Labeling overheads ($20,000) ($20,000) ($40,000) SEGMENT PROFIT $30,000 $60,000 $90,000 As per the table above, convenience stores have encountered similar overheads like the retailers in terms of supply chain costs whereas computing activity-based quotation. The calculated cost is the principle issue for cost related to supply chain in the comfort store appropriations. For the assessment of current cost allotment, the supply chain cost can decrease by utilizing ERP frameworks with action based costing framework and upgrading the supply chain framework in accommodation store appropriation. Johnson Johnson estimates that it will incur a total of $60,000 in distribution costs of their products and estimates that labor costs (actual hours of time used) will be $ 20,000. How to Calculate the Allocation Cost and Inventory Cost? The usual formula for cost allocation is to collect distribution costs altogether into cost groups, and then to apply an amount of activity to allocate the expenditures in the cost groups to inventories. Therefore, the cost allocation formula is: There are direct overheads of services and products. These are clean to seize, recognize, and document. Examples of these costs are the price of products (purchase orders), the cost of freight (load tenders), the value of warehousing offerings (warehousing prices), and so forth. As a maximum of these expenses is captured through well-known employer transactions like purchase orders, or load tenders, they may be easy to capture and degree at the JSK degree. The complexity arises while there is a requirement to allocate these fees across organizational entities which include product corporations, or areas, etc. Such cost allocation isn't always uncommon and helps in organizing profitability of separate enterprise groups, merchandise portfolios and so forth. Though a nicely notion out accounting structure has to be able to help such allocations objectively. New framework for Cost Allocation Spend evaluation immediately focuses on this issue of the delivery chain fees. Consolidating all direct spend charges across the corporation helps in know-how the whole spend format with the providers and provider providers, and permit the companies to barter better offers and volume discounts. Consolidate all spend by way of merchandise category, seller, and provider vendors. Search for volume discounts, and negotiate on other expenses inclusive of credit phrases, returns, best, and many others. Examine the merchandise need, establish lengthy-term contracts for merchandise with a solid and predictable call for. Enforce software structures for bid evaluation and purchase making plans when a couple of suppliers are viable. Examine the possibility of the usage of traditional and opposite auctions for one time and/or seasonal purchases wherein product attributes permit for such shopping strategies. Put in force transportation optimization structures to without delay effect the freight expenses from the cost equation. Pricing Point of the Product As rivalry in the last decade strengthened and markets ended up noticeably worldwide, so did the difficulties related with getting an item and administration to the correct place at the perfect time at the least cost. Associations started to understand that it is insufficient to enhance efficiencies inside an association, but rather their entire supply chain must be made focused. The comprehension and honing of supply chain management (SCM) have turned into a basic essential for remaining focused in the worldwide race and for upgrading productively. Pricing Objectives, Strategy and Policy Johnson Skin Care may get more benefit and more prominent piece of the pie through the methodical evaluating approaches and procedures in the long haul fruitful arrangement. The estimating arrangement of the organization is setting the item's cost in light of the costs, esteem, request, and rivalry while valuing techniques is getting the organization's key objectives by altering the item cost (Fred Henry, 2013). Johnson Skin Care has some competition from other manufactures, including competition in the midst of main treatment (drug) makers. Key opponents of Johnson Johnson's comprise Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer. In the devices of health segment, its opponents comprise Boston Scientific (BSX) and Medtronic (MDT). In the orthopedic transplants fragment, it contests with Stryker (SYK) and Zimmer Holdings (ZMH). There are different approaches to build up the net revenue and piece of the overall industry from the estimating goals by utilizing a few evaluating strategies, for example, cost-in addition to evaluating, target return estimating, esteem based valuing and mental valuing. In the given situation, the organization is not drawing closer in setting their item cost by utilizing cost-in addition to valuing, target return estimating, and mental evaluating in light of the fact that their item is not relying upon the contender cost and client requests to meet their estimating point. Vendor Rating System (Selection of Suppliers) Throughout the years, a few methodologies and strategies have been created to decide a successful supplier choice process. (Tieman, 2011) concentrated the basic leadership strategies in supplier choice for 123 worldwide diary articles distributed in the vicinity of 2008 and 2012. The most every now and again utilized, all together, are the logical progressive system handle (AHP), trailed by direct programming (LP), procedures for request inclination by closeness to perfect arrangement (TOPSIS), the scientific system prepare (ANP), and information envelopment investigation (DEA). Throughout the most recent two decades, a great deal of consideration has been coordinated at the coordination amongst obtainment and stock management or generation making arrangements for the improvement of supply chain management frameworks. Late papers and audit papers have uncovered the expansive number of techniques used to handle this class of issue. Straight, objective and blended whole number programm ing strategies are the most widely recognized in a deterministic setting. Stochastic programming and reproduction based methodologies are the most widely recognized in a dynamic stochastic setting. Because of the intricacy of the coordinated issue in a stochastic or dynamic setting, just a couple papers have endeavored to explore it. (Kim, 2013) proposed a stochastic system to decide the ideal generation control arrangement and supplier choice method for a three-echelon supply chain. They proposed an enhanced investigative chain of command process (AHP) to choose the best supplier, where quality, benefit and the aggregate cost of interest interruptions are considered. Suggestions for Johnson Skin Care Company The cosmetics manufacturer is choosing their merchants in view of their imperfection-free just-in-time conveyance for the majority of the JSK's items. Accordingly, the JSK's potential provider must settle with JSK's necessities and the JSK will require undertaking the provider creating technique by concentrating on the purchaser provider relationship. The procedure of provider assessment for the provider relationship management can be portrayed as which is begun from the demand for data (RFI) venture to choose the correct provider. Amit et al, (2016) presents seven heuristic calculations for booking generation and distribution operations in a get-together supply chain organize (i.e., each station has at most one prompt successor, however any number of quick antecedents). The goal of every heuristic is to decide a base cost creation or potentially item distribution plan that fulfills last item request. The aggregate cost is an entirety of normal stock holding and settled (requesting, conveyance, or set-up) expenses. At long last, the execution of every heuristic is looked at utilizing an extensive variety of exact investigations, and suggestions are made on the premise of arrangement quality and system structure. Stefan Roger (2014) builds up a dynamic programming calculation for all the while deciding the creation and distribution clump sizes at every hub inside a supply chain organize. As in, it is expected that the creation procedure is a gathering procedure. The goal of the heuristic is to limit the normal cost per period over a vast skyline, where the normal cost is a component of handling expenses furthermore, stock holding costs for every hub in the system. (Fred Henry, 2013) builds up a deterministic model for deciding the base stock levels and lead times related to the most minimal cost answer for an incorporated supply chain on a limited skyline. The stock levels and lead times are resolved so as to avert stock out, and to limit the measure of old (dead) stock at each stock point. Their model uses a forced sort requesting framework which is driven by, for this situation, straight (and known) request forms. Scott John (2014) display a deterministic, blended number, nonlinear scientific programming model, in view of financial request amount (EOQ) strategies, to create what the creators allude to as a global asset deployment approach. All the more particularly, the target work utilized as a part of their model expands the aggregate after-assessment benefit for the assembling offices and distribution focuses (add up to income less aggregate before-expense costs fewer charges due). This target capacity is liable to various imperatives, including managerial constraints (asset and creation requirements) and logical consistency constraints (attainability, accessibility, request points of confinement, and variable non-antagonism). The yields coming about because of their model incorporate. Network Distribution Framework The necessity for associations to wind up plainly more receptive to the requirements of clients, the changing states of rivalry and expanding levels of natural turbulence is driving enthusiasm for the idea of ``agility''. What it truly implies for an association to be ``agile'', instead of simply being productive, compelling, lean, client engaged, ready to include esteem, quality-driven, proactive as opposed to receptive, and so forth., has been the wellspring of extensive civil argument and scholastic guess. Christophe makes an unmistakable refinement between speed (taking care of client demand with regards to abbreviated conveyance lead times), leanness (accomplishing more with less) and deftness (reacting rapidly to changes sought after as far as both volume and assortment). The idea of nimbleness is consequently perceived to be all encompassing instead of practical, and of a key as opposed to strategic significance. The idea has additionally been stretched out past the customary limits of the individual association to include the operations of the supply chain inside which the association works. The adequacy of an association's reaction to quickly changing economic situations will be generally dictated by the abilities to exchange accomplices. A maker with key suppliers that have low quality and conveyance records will think that it is extremely hard to give elevated amounts of client administration even in stable conditions. Put this maker in a quickly changing condition and it will be dispensed with from investment in the aggressive amusement inside and out. In this setting unwavering quality of supply turns into a basic issue that can best be encouraged by the sharing of precise, auspicious data with suppliers. At the downstream end of the supply cha in, this same maker will again think that it's difficult to work in this condition if distribution channels can't react because of physical or data stream related issues. In this sense, the improvement of methodologies for contending on the premise of capacity turn out to be a lot of methodologies for the management of the aggregate supply chain. Byoung-Chun Hyunjeong (2016) communicate this regarding making a ``seamless supply chain'' where regional limits between exchanging accomplices are killed and they adequately work as though some portion of the one association. Dagne et al, (2017) has distinguished various attributes that a supply chain must have keeping in mind the end goal to be ``truly light-footed''. These incorporate market affectability (through the catching and transmission of a state of offer information), making virtual supply chains (in view of data as opposed to stock), handle mix (cooperation amongst purchasers and suppliers, joint item improvement and so on.) and systems (confederations of accomplices connected together as against ``stand-alone'' associations). A fundamental presumption in this model is that of open relations between the supply chain members, the sharing of data and the utilization of innovation to make ``connectivity'' (i.e. the capacity for associations to share data in ``real time''). Amit et al, (2016) likewise focuses on that dexterity in individual associations can be altogether thwarted by the level of unpredictability regarding brands, items, structures and management forms. In building up a model for accomplishing nimbleness in assembling associations, they recognized various ``agility suppliers'' (rehearses, strategies, devices, methods encouraging a capacity for deftness). Thus of reviewing 1,000 organizations, and directing contextual analyses in 12 of them, they presumed that practices identified with individuals and association issues were both more successful and essential for producers. They likewise found that the Internet, mass-customization and virtual associations were just utilized by a little rate of respondents, and normally just mostly. Jianlan et al, (2016), in view of the aftereffect of an exact investigation of obtaining supervisors in assembling firms found that a key determinant of the capacity of assembling to roll out quick improvements was the choice, improvement, and reconciliation of suppliers with suitable abilities. Recommendation As JSK's one of a kind esteem, their three-day satisfaction cycle is imperative to the organization. In this way, the operations and supply chain management is more critical to them. Along these lines, this report will recommend JSK to execute ERP framework, action based costing technique, upgrading JSK's evaluating approach and markdown arrangement with esteem based valuing system, in addition to JIT procedure and new seller choice structure. From this incorporating framework, JSK can beat the present business issues of choosing distinctive providers, supply chain related cost, incapable rebate strategy and poor bundling framework. Conclusion Considering everything, JSK ought to consider all the territory of organization necessities with alternate point of view to lessen the general expenses and boost their business execution. These proposed broad arrangements and methodologies will show the ideal business format of JSK's assembling and supply chain framework for the future execution (Nikolaos et al, 2016). Consequently, Jonson Skin Care organization ought to consider these zones to keep up their operation and keep the negative effect on their benefit. There has been found that many organizations have not considered the plan of their supply chains. Frequently, their endeavors to accomplish magnificence have been concentrated on maybe a couple supply chain-framework - and not, as they ought to be, on the majority of the measurements required for excellent execution. The structure below illustrates the five main elements of supply chain management via the accomplishment practices needed to get finer operations. These ranges must be tended to significantly and, for the most part, in a pecking order. Technique - particularly, the arrangement of supply chain systems with the business bearing. Key choice focuses for administrators here include what is required to adjust the supply chain to the business procedure, the level of client administration given to every client portion to contend viably. Foundation influences cost-benefit execution and builds up the limits, which the supply chain must work. References Fred Lemke, Henry Petersen, 2013. Teaching reputational risk management in the supply chain. Supply Chains Management, An International Journal, 18(4), pp. 413-429. Amit Sinha, William P. Millhiser, Yuanjie He, 2016. Matching supply with demand in supply chain management education. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 27(3), pp. 837-861. Byoung-Chun Ha, Hyunjeong Nam, 2016. Ethical judgments in supply chain management: a scenario analysis. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 31(1), pp. 59-69. Christian Busse, Martin C. Schleper, Menglei Niu, Stephan M. Wagner, 2016. Supplier development for sustainability: contextual barriers in global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 46(5), pp. 442-468. Christoph Teller, Herbert Kotzab, David B. Grant, Christina Holweg, 2016. The importance of key supplier relationship management in supply chains. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 44(2), pp. 109-123. Christos Braziotis, Michael Bourlakis, Helen Rogers, James Tannock, 2013. Supply chains and supply networks: distinctions and overlaps. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(6), pp. 644-652. Dagne Birhanu, Lanka Krishnanand, Neelakanteswara Rao, 2017. Comparison of select financial parameters of Ethiopian consumer goods supply chains. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(1), pp. 102-117. Elliot Simangunsong, Linda C. Hendry, Mark Stevenson, 2016. Managing supply chain uncertainty with emerging ethical issues. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 36(10), pp. 1272-1307. Gensheng (Jason) Liu, George D. Deitz, 2011. Linking supply chain management with mass customization capability. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(7), pp. 668-683. Jianlan Zhong, Yizhong Ma, Yiliu Tu, Xia Li, 2016. Supply chain quality management: an empirical study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(11), pp. 2446-2472. Kamran Rashid, Haris Aslam, 2012. Business excellence through total supply chain quality management. Asian Journal on Quality, 13(3), pp. 309-324. Kim, B., 2013. Competitive priorities and supply chain strategy in the fashion industry. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), pp. 214-242. Marco Tieman, Jack G.A.J. van der Vorst, Maznah Che Ghazali, 2012. Principles in halal supply chain management. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(3), pp. 217-243. Martin Christopher, Matthias Holweg, 2011. Supply Chain 2.0: managing supply chains in the era of turbulence. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(1), pp. 63-82. Mesut Pala, Francis Edum-Fotwe, Kirti Ruikar, Nathan Doughty, Chris Peters, 2014. Contractor practices for managing extended supply chain tiers. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(1), pp. 31-45. Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq Jajja, Vijay R. Kannan, Shaukat Ali Brah, Syed Zahoor Hassan, 2016. Supply chain strategy and the role of suppliers: evidence from the Indian sub-continent. Bencmarking: An International Journal, 23(7), pp. 1658-1676. Nikolaos Vlachakis, Athanassios Mihiotis, Costas P Pappis, Ioannis N Lagoudis, 2016. A methodology for analyzing shipyard supply chains and supplier selection. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(2), pp. 443-455. Philip Beske, Stefan Seuring, 2014. Putting sustainability into supply chain management. Supply Chain Management, An International Journal, 19(3), pp. 322-331. Rao Tummala, Tobias Schoenherr, 2011. Assessing and managing risks using the Supply Chain Risk Management Process (SCRMP). Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(6), pp. 474-483. Sanjay Sharma, Sachin Modgil, 2015. Supply chain and total quality management framework design for business performance-case study evidence. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(6), pp. 905-930. Scott A. Dellana, John F. Kros, 2014. An exploration of quality management practices, perceptions and program maturity in the supply chain. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 34(6), pp. 786-806. Statista, 2016. Revenue of the cosmetic industry in the United States from 2002 to 2016 (in billion U.S. dollars). [Online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/243742/revenue-of-the-cosmetic-industry-in-the-us/ [Accessed 15 April 2017]. Stefan Gold, Alexander Trautrims, Zoe Trodd, 2015. Modern slavery challenges to supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(5), pp. 485-494. Stefan Schaltegger, Roger Burritt, 2014. Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains: Review and sustainability supply chain management framework. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(3), pp. 232-241. Tieman, M., 2011. The application of Halal in supply chain management: in?depth interviews. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2(2), pp. 186-195. Vikas Kumar, Marlene Amorim, Arijit Bhattacharya, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, 2016. Managing reverse exchanges in service supply chains. Supply Chain Management, An International Journal, 12(2), pp. 157-165.

Reviving The American Dream ( Alice Rivlin ) free essay sample

Critical review of work calling for restructuring of national state govt. economy to better meet needs of the people. Alice M. Rivlin, in her book Reviving the American Dream: The Economy, the States, and the Federal Government, presents the theme that the economic and political systems of the United States do not serve well the needs of the people, and that what is needed is a thorough redesigning of the federal system, the relationship between the national and state governments, and the economic policy of the country. The purpose of this redesigning and restructuring is in part to make simpler and clearer what political and economic responsibilities belong to the states and to the federal government. Clearly, the basis of Rivlins argument is that the political and economic destinies of the nation (at both federal and state levels) are inextricably bound together. This theme is also based on the promise of the American. We will write a custom essay sample on Reviving The American Dream ( Alice Rivlin ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Alice in Wonderland essays

Alice in Wonderland essays Lewis Carrolls works Alices Adventures in Wonderland s is shown a childs ability to survive in a hostile world. By this last statement I am referring to Cohens comment that Wonderland (published in1865) captures the disappointments, fears, and bewilderment that all children encounter in their dealings with authoritarian, pompous and mystifying adults which Wonderland seems to have no deficiency of. Throughout the story Carroll portrays his views on the education of the times. He makes morals and tales of obedience(Brown,May Lee) seem nonsensical by the character of the Duchess and Alices preoccupation with her lessons. The Duchess keeps insisting to Alice that Everythings got a moral, if only you can find it(Wonderland, 70), but with morals like mustard and dogs both bite(Wonderland, 70) you can see this rule is not quite right. The absurdity of such a character(Brown,May Lee) trying to teach Alice anything is a parody of what Carroll thought about the lessons children were being taught. Also Alice refers to her lessons and her education, usually very proud of the learning that she has acquired. It seems, however, that the information that she remembers from her lessons is usually either wrong or completely useless.(Brown, May Lee) All...

Health Care Incentive Act of 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Care Incentive Act of 2011 - Essay Example The policies to be enacted by the bill will see the Government of the United States automatically and directly paying for all the medical care that is medically necessary as decided between the doctor and a patient. This is expected to end private insurance needs for such care, and likely transforming private insurance companies into providers of supplemental medical coverage, which shall be resorted to for non-essential care as is the case in the United Kingdom, mostly for such services as dentistry (Colton 22). The national healthcare system is expected to be funded through taxes, monies expected to replace insurance premiums which has been the major justification for private insurance. Individuals advocating for the single payer system of healthcare, including economists, have voiced their opinion that eliminating the companies dealing in medical insurance currently would eliminate their overheads, especially administrative, hence sufficiently reducing the overall cost of health c are, which would enable the uninsured individuals at the moment and every other American citizen to be covered with much ease and even realize a monetary surplus from the program (Colton 23). Colander (65) explains that the bill was initially introduced in 2003. At the time, it had 25 cosponsors. Since then, it has been introduced in each congress but has consistently failed. In one such occasion, the bill was pushed by activists during the debates on healthcare in 2009. The bill was amended and ended up as the Affordable Care and Patient Protection Act. This particular bill is expected to be debated then voted upon in February 2012 by the house. People who staunchly advocate for health care with single payer system, as the most appropriate vote and passage of the act have loomed and tried to present the bill as the best alternative to another bill, the Affordable Health Care for America Act of 2011. The nationwide debate has been implicitly approved by Max Baucus, who also acts as the leader of the nationwide debate on the bill. Currently, the bill has been referred to subcommittee on health while advocacy for it continues even though its advocates seem to have accepted that the realization of a single payer health care system is yet again a project of the long term, whose realization may take years or even decades. Some of the proponents of the act have shifted emphasis from the effort to enact it as a national law and moved towards enacting the single payer health care systems in the individual states of the United States. The enactment of the single payer systems at the state level is expected to serve as the base for argument to enact it at the federal level. During the 2008 presidential campaigns, Barack Obama had promised health care as one of the major reforms his administration would bring. Despite admitting that universal health care coverage can only be provided by a single payer health care system, he instead favored a plan for more insurance cover age. However, during his pronouncements in 2003 at town hall, Obama’s remarks included promotion for a system of health care that is single payer driven (Boyes 29). The single payer system of health care is based on the value of equality and social solidarity. Primarily, this will be achieved by health care financing, where resources shall be redistributed from the rich to the poor citizens (Newnan 36). In the first place, the financing is progressive with

Bobby and the Role of Women in Burning Chrome by William Gibson Essay

Bobby and the Role of Women in Burning Chrome by William Gibson - Essay Example The Burning Chrome by Gibson has featured women in the entire piece. Bobby, a character in the Burning Chrome uses women according to his desires and plans. He has been described as having a new woman every few days. Bobby uses women in a specific manner. Bobby uses women for his personal gain. He uses them as assets when he realizes that they offer certain opportunities for his own growth. As stated in the work, â€Å"†¦Bobby read his future in women; his girls were omens, changes in the weather, and he'd sit all night in the Gentleman Loser waiting for the season to lay a new face down in front of him like a card†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gibson 189). Bobby was on between the two hackers who act as the main characters in the story. Bobby Quine is an expert dealing with software issues while Automatic Jack deals with hardware issues. Also important in the story is Rikki who is a girl that Bobby has become infatuated with and wants to use her to get what he wants. Gibson establishes a dis tinctive insignia by writing about the matrix simulator and techno-centaur disguising Jack Automatic. He also writes about Rikki Wildside and her Zeiss Ikon eyes, boutique and Simstim deck. Gibson does not leave out an aspect of world war III, an event he puts as a past event but featuring a puppet house where women worked as prostitutes for three-hour shifts (Gibson 190). Bobby Quine and Jack Automatic exhibit emotion and vestigial morality as they hack into Chromes computer system. They steal from the child-faced witch who has cold gray eyes and destroy her power base to an extent that she cannot use the power anymore (Cavallaro 90). They also destroy her by completely by sapping off her ability to defend herself against her enemies. Bobby is a schemer and a strategist. Bobby together with jack use their computer literacy prowess to exploit women and take advantage of their powers and strengths. Bobby and Jack use Rikki Wildside because they have realized an opportunity of exploit ation in her. Rikki is a prostitute who offers her services at the puppet house to get money so that she could buy a fashionable pair of new eyes. She also intends to make enough money so that she can fly to Hollywood and become a Simstim star. Jack bought a virus-program from Russia from Finn, who also bought it from someone. It is from this scenario that we learn that the person killed the original thief who had stolen the program from the owner. Bobby hacks into Chrome's computer system using that program (Cavallaro 92). He then makes use of the communication web to interfere and change the flow the communication web. Meanwhile jack encourages Bobby to hack into Chrome’s computer. As stated in the story, â€Å"†¦but Bobby was already there, leaning forward to drive the Russian program into its slot with the heel of his hand. He did it with the tight grace of a kid slamming change into an arcade game, sure of winning and ready to pull down a string of free games. A si lver tide of phosphenes boiled across my field of vision as the matrix began to unfold in my head, a 3-D chessboard, infinite and perfectly transparent. The Russian program seemed to lurch as we entered the grid†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gibson 195) Jack helps Bobby in his schemes taking advantage of the trust and love of women to him, for his gain. Jack betrays his friend Bobby by having an affair with Rikki who is in a love relationship with Bobby. Rikki also betrays her Bobby and Jack by working as a prostitute and

Aztec Belief System Essay Example for Free

Aztec Belief System Essay Throughout the history of mankind civilizations have trusted in the existence of a higher power. Although the existence of a higher power doesn’t bear as large of an impact on societies like the United States today, it was the focal point of life in many civilizations of the past. A great example of a civilization that was extremely reliant on the connection between humans and higher powers was the Aztecs. The Aztecs believed that they were connected to the universe by a sacred energy. They believed this energy was the source of all natural events and if it were unbalanced, they would suffer. In order to maintain the balance, the Aztecs performed ceremonial sacrifices, bloodletting, and other forms of violent cultural behavior. The connection between the Aztecs and the universe is evident among their myths about how humans were created. One creation myth is the story of the goddess Tlaltecutli. In the story Tlaltecutli was ripped apart by the gods Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca and her body parts were used to create the earth and the other gods. This event caused Tlaltecutli to desire human hearts and she would not be quiet until they were brought to her. Nor would she bear fruit until she had been drenched in human blood. Another creation myth, and the most common legend amongst the Aztecs, was that the god Quetzalcoatl descended into the underworld and retrieved the bones and ashes of previous human beings in order to recreate humanity because the universe had been destroyed after the fourth Sun went out. Quetzalcoatl ground the bones into powder and used his blood to fertilize it and create humans.   The Aztecs also had a myth that explained how the Sun and moon were created. According to legend, the gods Nanautzin and Tecuziztecatl sacrificed themselves by jumping into a fire, which turned them into the Sun and moon. The other gods also sacrificed themselves to provide nourishment for the Sun. However the Sun and the Earth still had an insatiable craving for human blood, therefore war was created to satisfy the Sun’s needs. What’s interesting about these creation myths is that they all included some form of death, sacrifice, or blood shed in order to create something. The creation myths shaped the foundation for why Aztecs placed so much emphasis on violent cultural behavior. In the Aztec society, human sacrifice was extremely common. This is because sacrifices were the main method of creating cosmic order between humans and the universe. Pubic sacrifices took place at the beginning of each of the 18 twenty-day months. The sacrifices consisted of mostly captured warriors, but in rare cases included children and young women. The purpose of public sacrifice was to acquire the divine forces embedded in the physiology of human beings in order to nourish the Sun, Earth, and rain. Aztec ceremonies consisted of days of ritual preparation, ceremonial sacrifice, and acts of nourishing the gods and the community. Priests carried out the sacrifices, which included many forms such as decapitation, burning, hurling from great heights, strangulation, and arrow sacrifice. The most common was the removal of the heart. The heart and the head were the two most important body parts to the Aztecs. Tonalli was a type of energy that came from the head and determined the shape of one’s temperament and destiny. Tonalli was first acquired as an embryo in a female uterus. The Sun was the most powerful way to increase tonalli. It was believed that hair prevented tonalli from leaving the body. Therefore hair was a major prize in warfare. When heads were decapitated during ceremonies, the city as a whole gained tonalli. Teyolia, or â€Å"diving fire†, was the energy that came from the heart and determined a person’s sensibilities and thinking patterns. When a person died his or her tayolia traveled to the world of the dead, or â€Å"sky of the Sun†. Tayolia gives energy to the Sun, which is why heart sacrifices were so popular.   Giving hearts and heads wasn’t the only donation made to the higher powers. Bloodshed was also seen as a type of nourishment. The Aztecs believed that spilling blood was vital to please the gods and to ensure natural forces such as strong harvests. Another Aztec creation myth, the story of Tezcatlipoca, gives strong insight into the importance of bloodshed. In the story the body of Tezcatlipoca was cut into pieces and divided over the four directions of the world, with his blood flowing into the center. The divine blood redistributed energy to animals, body parts, vegetation, and the calendar. Although The Aztecs believed that by giving the hearts and heads of their victims to the gods and the universe, they would be blessed with gifts like bountiful harvests, strength in war, and healthy lives, they didn’t practice sacrifice just to receive blessings; they also feared that the universe would be destroyed. The Aztecs believed that there had been four previous ages that the universe passed through prior to the present age, the Fifth Age. At the end of each age, the Sun went out and caused a catastrophic event that destroyed all life on Earth. In the Second Age, for example, it was believed that the beings that lived there were carried away by the wind. (AD1, p. 4) The fear of the Sun going out again and ending the Fifth Age is one the main catalysts for explaining why the Aztecs placed so much importance on human sacrifice, warfare, and other violent cultural behavior. In order to ensure that the Sun wouldn’t go out again, the Aztecs participated in what is known as the New Fire Ceremony. It took place once every fifty-two years and was used to ensure that the Sun would last for another fifty-two years. The rebirth was achieved by the heart sacrifice of a brave, captured warrior specifically chosen by the king. The ceremony began at the top of a mountain with a priest cutting out the warrior’s heart and throwing it into a fire. The people in the village would then cut themselves and splatter their blood in the direction of the fire. The fire was then brought down the mountain and the people blistered themselves with fire. The Aztecs believed that if they did not perform the ceremony properly to nourish the Sun, it would go out and the demons of the darkness would descend to eat all human beings. The New Fire Ceremony is a great example of how the Aztecs viewed the connection between human beings and the cosmos. The role of humankind in the Aztec society was very pre-determined. Men were devoted to warfare and females were devoted to the household. Warfare was extremely important to Aztec men because it was used as a way to appease the gods with the hearts of prisoners of war.   It was also used a way to rank the importance and worth of a man. Men higher up in the military rank received more luxuries and entitlements than men of lower ranks. For example, a top war commander, or â€Å"quauhpilli†, was given land by the ruler and could run schools for commoners.   Military service was a compulsory obligation by all free men. The Aztec’s innate desire for combat is a direct impact of the believed connection between conflict and nourishment for the universe. When a male child was born, he is dedicated to the Sun, and â€Å"the flowery death† of the warrior in battle or on the killing stone. This shows that the Aztecs believed that the only honorable death for a male is on the battlefield or being sacrificed on another tribes killing stone. The Aztec devotion to the universe was so strong that they not only believed that they had to sacrifice others in battle to please the gods; they had to sacrifice themselves as well. The culture and beliefs of the Aztec civilization were much different than the culture and beliefs of society today. Human sacrificing no longer occurs because it is considered cruel and unusual punishment. Humans do not believe that sacrifices and bloodshed are necessary to please a higher power. Although there are certain religions that believe that the way humans act bear some consequence on things like karma and where we go in the afterlife, it is rare to find a society in today’s world that believes wholeheartedly that there is a direct connection between human’s actions, the divine, and natural forces, like the Aztecs believed. Science and technology have allowed humans to understand that we can control all aspects of processes such as growing crops and that the gods have no effect on it. Warfare, although still important, does not have nearly as strong of an impact on humans today. Warfare is only needed for protection, to defend other countries, or in certain areas of the world, to attempt to settle religious differences like the Shiite and Sunni Muslims. Today, men and women have the choice to grow up and become whatever they want. Men are not required to serve in the military and women have the ability to do more than just take care of the household. The main difference between the Aztecs and humans today is that for the Aztecs, the connection to the universe was the most important aspect of life, while today creating a family, treating others fairly, and having proper morals are the most important aspects of life. The majority of people just want to make the most of their lives on Earth while they still have time, and depending on their beliefs, if they do it right they will reach an afterlife when they die. The Aztecs were one of mankind’s most interesting civilizations. They devoted their lives to pleasing the universe and believed that sacrifice and bloodshed were the best ways of doing it. They attempted to control every aspect of their lives in order to keep the connection between humans and the universe in balance. The Aztec belief system was very extreme. No other civilization has put so much emphasis on sacrifices, and more than likely, no civilization ever will again.

Landfills :: essays research papers fc

It has long been believed that the largest entity brought upon the Earth by humankind is the Pyramid of the Sun, constructed in Mexico around the start of the Christian era. The mammoth structure commands nearly thirty million cubic feet of space. In contrast, however, is the Durham Road Landfill, outside San Francisco, which occupies over seventy million cubic feet of the biosphere. It is a sad monument, indeed, to the excesses of modern society [Gore 151]. One might assume such a monstrous mound of garbage is the largest thing ever produced by human hands. Unhappily, this is not the case. The Fresh Kills Landfill, located on Staten Island, is the largest landfill in the world. It sports an elevation of 155 feet, an estimated mass of 100 million tons, and a volume of 2.9 billion cubic feet. In total acreage, it is equal to 16,000 baseball diamonds [Miller 526]. By the year 2005, when the landfill is projected to close, its elevation will reach 505 feet above sea level, making it the highest point along the Eastern Seaboard, Florida to Maine. At that height, the mound will constitute a hazard to air traffic at Newark airport [Rathje 3-4]. Fresh Kills (Kills is from the Dutch word for creek) was originally a tidal marsh. In 1948, New York City planner Robert Moses developed a highly praised project to deposit municipal garbage in the swamp until the level of the land was above sea level. A study of the area predicted the marsh would be filled by the year 1968. He then planned to develop the area, building houses and attracting light industry. Mayor Impelliteri issued a report titled "The Fresh Kills Landfill Project" in 1951. The report stated, in part, that the enterprise "cannot fail to affect constructively a wide area around it." The report ended by stating, "It is at once practical and idealistic" [Rathje 4]. One must appreciate the irony in the fact that Robert Moses was, in his day, considered a leading conservationist. His major accomplishments include asphalt parking lots throughout the New York metro area, paved roads in and out of city parks, and development of Jones Beach, now the most polluted, dirty, overcrowded piece of shoreline in the Northeast. In Stewart Udall's book The Quiet Crisis, the former Secretary of the Interior lavishes praise on Moses. The JFK cabinet member calls Jones Beach "an imaginative solution ... (the) supreme answer to the ever-present problems of overcrowding" [Udall 163-4]. JFK's introduction to the book provides this foreboding passage: "Each generation must deal anew with the raiders, with the scramble to use public resources for private profit, and

Alcuin and Charlemagne

Charlemagne was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814. He was known to be the most powerful Christian ruler and brought success to his country. Charlemagne was well educated and good looking. His strong voice allowed him to express what he had to say in a very eloquent manner. He was most famous for doubling the territory that his father had previously conquered. With his determination and persistence, Charlemagne became one of the most dignified rulers of the early middle ages. Charlemagnes determination allowed him to expand his empire.He undertook 54 military campaigns during his rule. He also lead his armies into Italy to conquer the Lombard State. His army also invaded the land of the Bavarians and took them under control. During his rule, Charlemagne insisted the Saxons convert to Christianity and soon took them over. In turn, adding more land to the growing Carolingian empire. (Speilvogel p. 138) An interesting characteristic of Charlemagne was his strong desire to learn. He studied foreign languages such as Latin and Greek. He learned from excellent scholars such as Peter of Pisa and Alcuin of York.Charlemagne established a palace school and encouraged other scholars from across Europe to come to the Carolingian court. He focused learning about liberal arts also took lessons in grammar. Charlemagnes love of learning inspired others to obtain educations and maintained the intellectual life of the Catholic church. (Speilvogel p140-141) (Einhard: Life of Charlemagne) Not only was Charlemagne good at conquering land but he also did very well at governing the land he conquered. He was a clever ruler and knew he had to keep the nobles in his service.To do this he granted part of the royal lands as lifetime holdings to nobles who assisted him. Charlemagne also knew that he could not let the counts gain more power then him. To hold more control over his kingdom, Charlemagne required counts to serve outside their own family lands. He also sent out â€Å"messen gers of the lord king† to check on the counts and make sure they were following the kings demands. One last thing that Charlemagne realized was the valuable assistance that the Catholic church could provide for him. He decided to create new bishoprics and archbishoprics while restoring old ones. Speilvogel p. 138-139) Charlemagne made many accomplishments during his rule. His first and biggest accomplishment was increasing the Frank Kingdom. His territory stretched over the majority of Europe. Charlemagne was able to subdue the barbarous tribes in Germany which was something other Kings could not accomplish. He also made good relationships with emperors of Constantinople. Being a devote Christian, Charlemagne built the beautiful church at Aix-la-Chapelle. Finally, Charlemagne took care of the poor in his country and sent money to the poor in other countries. (Speilvogel p. 139)As you can see, Charlemagne had many characteristics of a successful ruler. He was determine expand h is empire and he did. He also was good at governing his people. Charlemagne was very well educated and it showed through when whenever he spoke with eloquence. Also, Charlemagne was able to make constant accomplishments such as working on the Church reform, taking care of the poor, and building good relationships with other countries. Charlemagne was so respected that even the Pope called upon him to help during the Roman rebellion. All of these things are what made Charlemagne one of the greatest Kings of all time.

A Brief Note On Animal And Horse Training - 1566 Words

Vaughn 6 Animals Horse Training--Seriously, Socrates? Baylee Vaughn Reality and Human Existence Dr. 18 November 2016 In cross-examining Meletus in ?The Apology? Socrates draws an analogy between the training of horses and the moral education of the young. Seriously, a man having the intelligence that has been attributed to Socrates, used this analogy to sway members of the jury of his peers that would decide his guilt or innocence, and ultimately his life or death? To help the reader understand my belief that Socrates reference to horses does not help his defense, but in fact, helped convict him, one must understand the many different references to horses and horse trainers. The first reference to animals by Socrates in ?The Apology? when he states that he met Callias who was rumored to spend more money on Sophists than anyone else and asks him the question if his sons were animals?colts or calves?a horse breeder of farmer could be engaged to make them excel. (The Apology 20b). This statement he recounted was trying to convince the jury that he did not charge fees while those did . So, he was innocent because he groomed for free? To evaluate the second reference, this direct quote from Socrates: ?You condemn me to a great misfortune. Tell me does this also apply to horses do you think? That all men improve them and one individual corrupts them? Or is quite the contrary true, one individual is able to improve them, or very few,Show MoreRelatedThree Day Road Chapter Notes Essay6074 Words   |  25 PagesChapter notes Prelude (1-2) -1st person point of view established, and the three main characters. -E and X are hunting; 12 years of age -Who is the more experienced hunter? (X) How do we know this? -Establishing the story and its struggles through foreshadowing: -We stand back and stare as the marten struggles in the air. The black eyes focus on me. 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