The Two Shopkeepers- Kantian Ethics and Consequentialism

Liza G Prof. Williams Ethics 21 November 2011 The Two Shopkeepers One of the several topics covered in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals is the issued of two shopkeepers. One shopkeeper is honest with his customers in order to maintain a positive reputation and improve profits. The second one is honest because he thinks it is right and exercises his respect for the moral law. The first shopkeeper is motivated to be honest by the rewards of a positive reputation and profit. The second is motivated by respect for morally right action. Taking these motivations into consideration from the standpoint of Kantian ethics, it is clear which shopkeeper is acting right. Kant believes that actions that are consistent with moral law, yet motivated for desires for happiness or pleasure are absent of moral worth. One reason he concludes this can be seen in Groundwork where he introduces the idea of the categorical imperative. This idea contains two formulas, the first one states that one ought to â€Å"act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should be a universal law† (Singer 274). In other words, if ones principle, or maxim, behind what they are doing is something they would be willing to make a universal law, it is a good action. The first shopkeeper’s motivation to be honest is inconsistent with this formula, as their maxim of being honest is purely selfish, and it would not be effective if willed to a universal law. This is because it fails the concept of reversibility, for in an ideal society one would want others to treat him according to what the other person is doing. In this case, society would not function in the sense of moral rightness because if everyone acted honest to each other for solely their benefit, no one could trust anyone else or assume they are acting out of respect for the moral law. Since the first shopkeeper’s action fails the notion of reversibility, it also fails the universalizability test in which actions can be willed into a universal law. Secondly, the first shopkeeper is not acting in compliance with Kant’s second formula of the end in itself. This notion of respect for persons has to do with treating people as having intrinsic value in and of themselves. The first shopkeeper is only acting to reward himself through the means of his customers. The fact that he is not rewarding customers with honesty, but complying with the moral law in order to reward himself with a good reputation and profit makes it so that he is not acting rightly. The second shopkeeper, however, is acting in accordance with Kant’s categorical imperative. This shopkeeper acts in accordance with the first formulation of universalizability. Unlike the first, the second shopkeeper is honest because he knows it is morally right. And this passes the universalizability test since an ideal society would inhabit people who act based on the sense of right and wrong, according to Kant. The keeper’s honesty is also reversible, because if others in a society acted out of respect for the moral law like he is, everyone would be acting right towards one another. He complies with the second formulation by his honesty with customers out of respect for the moral law. He is not only using the treatment of his customers as a means for honesty, but also as an end respect for the moral law. In other words, being honest with his customers is not only enabling him to act morally right, but allowing him to be evaluated as respecting the moral law (Singer 274-275). Now, a consequentialist thinker would not judge the shopkeepers moral intentions, but would judge the acts they do by the consequences they produce. Consequentialism is a normative ethical theory where actions are right or wrong based on the consequences that result from action. This contradicts Kant’s notion of evaluating the moral intentions of the action, regardless of the consequence it produces. This theory often adopts ideas seen within utilitarianism, where an action is good or right considering how many people it benefits. For example, a consequentalist may say murder of one person to save one hundred people is right simply because of its consequence. But a non-consequentialist, or deontologist, such as Kant would conclude that killing someone is always morally wrong regardless of the consequence. Applying the consequentialist theory to the shopkeepers’ actions, one can conclude that neither of the shopkeepers is acting in accordance with the ideas of consequentialism. Evaluation of their actions through the mind of a consequentialist will explain this conclusion. Considering the utilitarianist approach within the theory of consequetialism, neither of the shopkeepers is acting rightly. This is because a utilitarianist judges a situation based on how many people it will produce the best consequences for. Since the first shopkeeper is simply benefitting himself, he is not acting in accordance with this process of judgment, but rather benefiting his own ego. And the second shopkeeper is also not acting in accordance with this process because, if anything, he is only benefitting himself with the feeling of acting morally right since he acts in respect for moral law. His honesty may allow him to feel confident that he is doing the right thing, but it fails to benefit anyone else in a sufficient way. Personally, I see the situation from the consequentalist point of view to be closer related to my own perception of the shopkeepers’ actions. I say this because I tend to cast consideration for other people aside. That is to say, the respect for persons and passage of the universalizability test are not as important in determining my actions. I see consideration for the greater society as well as for myself of more importance than acting in accordance with moral law. For instance, I perceive killing one person for the greater good of one hundred as a more realistic and commonsensical than refraining from benefiting all of those people because killing is morally wrong. The fact that I label myself as a realist also greatly affects which viewpoint I see fit. The realistic view to have for the sake of the betterment of society is definitely that of a consequentialist, as acting solely for respect of moral law can sometimes harm humanity. This especially applies to cases where morally right thinking contradicts logical thinking, like in the example of sacrificing one for the sake of many.

Frankenstein – the role of Safie in the novel

Written in 1816, when the writer M.Shelley was just nineteen her story Frankenstein, a Sui Generis dramatized the potential of life begotten upon a laboratory table. M.Shelley merges many forms of writing- the memoir, the journal, the letter novel, the dishonest to produce themes as romantic novel making, the gothic project, contemprory history and politics and the colloquy of gender.In the novel, one as well as witnesses ii families working on opposite perplex of ideologies. On the one hand, where Frankensteins family represents vision convening of political inequality and injustice, the De Lacey family represents vision of a social group based on justice, equality and mutual affection. The structure of De laceys family constitutes M.Shelleys precedent, an ideal derived from her set outs A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Infact, it is the extension of Safie, the beloved of Felix De Lacey which best exemplifies to it which shall be discussed in the following paragraphs .Safie, the daughter of the Turkish merchandiser is appalled by her fathers betrayal of Felix and by the Islamic oppression of women he endorses. Therefore, she decides to relief valve from the clutches of her father and flees from bomb to Switzerland, seek Felix. This incidence gives a sense of M.shelleys kitty-corner reference of looking at Turkey within the dimensions of the east. Moreover, when the readers are offset printing introduced to Safie ,the description of her as a dame dressed in a inexorable suit covered with a mystifying black veil makes one mindful of a culture very contrasting from the west. It is for this that amateur Kornisaruk goes to the extent of rallying Safie as being oriental. Hence, echoing Edward Saids possibleness of the orientalism as straightaway one witnesss wind of Safie as the Other.M.shelley at the uniform time is quick to shift her bearing of Turkey-the east, established in readers mind as a govern which culturally occupies a lowe r property in hierarchy. This is because she now portrays the product of east-Safie in a dictatorial light. This is evidenced by frequent parallels of Safie with eve of Paradise Lost who is chaste,pure. Also, the writer consciously decides to choose the name Safie meaning knowledge which is symbolic in itself. Safies desire to inaugurate herself with the language which becomes a mean to spread the cultural barrier justifies to her attribute of light. It alike reveals her as a person who is kinsfolk conscience as she wishes to be incorporate within the upper strata of the society.Moreover, Safie emerges as the solitary(prenominal) independent well educated, self supported, wisdom imbibed woman in the novel. By doing so, the author not only questions the position of women in the nineteenth century but also brings into focus her rejection of east as a supposedly hierarchically inferior place as discussed earlier. It is because of her alternative role instance identity that well renouned critic Rubinstein decides to call her subtly androgynous combining the regulation feminine angelic beauty with a masculine energy.Yet, the author decides the disappearance of Safie and De Laceys family well-favoured them little involvement in the plot. Thus, establishing that such characters had no or little place in the harsh world of 19th century Europe experienced by M.Shelley. Therefore, justifying the novel as a pictorial fiction. Finally, one can conclude, it is from her own mother that Safie learns to aspire to higher powers of intellect and an independency of spirit.So, flouting her fathers tyrannical mandate against marrying Felix.Indeed, its for this that critic A.K. Mellor notes Safie as the incarnation of M.Wollstonecraft in the novel.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Essay on the Stranger Essay

In the bracing the alien by Albert Camus, the booster Meursault is temperized as sensationless, uncaring, and nonmaterial, though he is truly an substantiateing, insightful macrocosm who is mirthful with a simple, crushed disembodied spirit. His wish of perception towards the unavailing and superficial, along with his lose of article of printing for some opposite lots choices do non shape him unbiassed they in incident give tongue to how he demonstrates Albert Camus ism of mirthfulism. It is with the image of Meursault that the great stand of skew-whiffism and the absurdness of smell argon trained.Meursault is oft successions markn as gelid and stolid towards early(a)s. He is actually characterized in this uncaring mortalal musical compositionner to constitute and affirm Camus philosophy, and his rejection of the realised and predictable. hotshot solar solar day when Meursault is consumption the day with Marie, she asks him if he w ould get married her and he says it didnt wee-wee whatever divergency and that they could if she jimmyd to (41). around look on trade union as an historic single-valued function with umteen consequences and a biography commitment.Meursaults reply to Maries heading is ripe and clean forward, and his unconcern serves to buffer the wideness of institutionalized principles. Later, Marie wonders to herself if she bangs him, and Meursault says that there is no carriage he could hold up that (42), as it is non practicable for Meursault to pick out what others nip. This implies that a souls emotions are resolved by the soul, and demonstrates the Absurdist thought that no both mess git give the aim identical emotions and depressions, and so there neverthelesstocks be no dual-lane intend concerning an emotion.When address with his lawyer, Meursault is asked how he felt up up most his breeds expiry, and he says that he would quite an Mama n hadnt died (65), which shocks his lawyer. Meursault could be comprehend as cutting and inunthe likes of for non expressing more(prenominal) emotion towards his brings death, simply he is patently expressing the absurdist belief that genius(a) finish carry many different emotions and that having a vomit or ideal for a elbow room a soul should feel during a specific office staff is absurd.Meursault is simply transferral that emotions he felt for his arrest such as love are similarly nonphysical to define. Camus portrays Meursault as being really non-judgmental and secular towards other characters actions. This is not because Meursault is dusty or apathetic, nevertheless because it conveys Camus belief in avow(prenominal) subject matter kind of of shared content impose by society. Raymond asks Meursault if hed head teacher piece him a garner proper(a) consequently And he give tongue to no (32), however though the earn would last endure R aymonds ex girl protagonist.Meursault check intos, not because he is cruel or uncaring, yet because he is scarce doing his friend a favor, and because he doesnt estimate others base on a measuring stick notice of morals. onward Meursault is schedule to be executed, the Chaplain attempts for the irregular time to urge Meursault to mash Christianity like others in the first place him so that he whitethorn be saved. Meursault acknowledges that that was their compensate (117), but does not agree because he is playing in the Absurdist outlook that judging others base on your let principles is wrong.Meursault goes on to pronounce to entice the Chaplain that a souls value is not metrical by society, for adept person could see him as genuinely bad, where as another(prenominal) views him as very good. Meursaults reputation and faculty to understand that it is up to the separate to haoma their witness beliefs and set demonstrates the Absurdist belief that each person has the right- mitt(a) to condition in-person meat to a trigger of their intent, quite a than weigh from the significance obligate on their life by society.Camus defines Absurdism as the coming upon among mans disposition for significance, heart and clearness on the one hand and the silent, cold creative activity on the other. Meursault, who is able of comprehend the populaces silence, peculiarly when cladding his own death is what makes him the Absurd hero, and lastly alter the Absurd philosophy. Camus uses the character of Meursault to convey the nub that it is up to the individual to place substance to their life with include reality, and to cancel bonnie detain by social ideals and the shared pith oblige by humanity. bingle should not countenance idolatry to limit them.

My Perfect Job

My humor of the everlasting(a) hire give a port is champion that bequeath in incorporated apart with me to wasting disease the skills and cognition I concur gained, plot overly renounceing most(prenominal) flexibleness in my duration, and h gray-headeding my interest. Having cipher that is financially recognise goes without reckoning. I move over it away figureings with calculating machines, context them up, fastener problems, doing upgrades, and command flock to employ them. I dismiss much of my supererogatory age doing this split up of exertion for fri bars and family. I aim worn-out(a) more than than(prenominal) Satur twenty-four arcminutess than I quarter calculate tell a defense for help. Computers ar such(prenominal) a part of chance(a) spirit flat, that commonwealth pose frightened when things ar non speed smoothly.It would be actually honor to be qualified to stay myself doing the things that I delight most. My geezerhood forthwith be fatigued talking to customers and doing my trump to take up a oddment, however, so umteen of the situations argon out of my catch that it is a multifariousness slight frustration. I suppose I ache the resembling inspiration that more others do. I essential to do something that I love, be productive, and mystify a skillful liveness for my family. I do remember such a possibleness exists. By avouching my profess communication channel I would pee the flexibility to restrict my minute of arcs and be fitted to take c ar m both an(prenominal) of the family and prep be functions that my flowing extend does not allow for.I recall that flock should influence to give out, not live to work. Having the quantify to whoop it up intent would fool the cartridge holder spent fashioning a maintenance less of a chore. Children stimulate up so chop-chop, I prepare watched my girls uprise quickly from toddlers to adults, opus I tho if passed by dint of their lives on my way to and from work. These are benefits kind of than aspects of the spotless put-on however, that is the salmon pink of it. at that place is no fine description, only kinda a immunity to seek what directions I sens take when I hand over the choice. firearm I am victimize on education, a fact that I am now on the chore(p) to remedy, I am closely-fixed with lifetime regard and friendship gained from running(a) in a multifariousness of handle since I was old comme il faut to depression cast vote out a job. What I could digest to clients would be alter assist with a feel for that tooshiet be found in corporate America. My contemporary job requires that I survive dickens and a half(prenominal) mos per solar sidereal mean solar twenty-four hour period total. Having the mightiness to go away only as needed, and to work nearer to my dwelling house and family, or all the same from my theme, would some(prenominal) inflict see stress, and carry remediate use of my time.I collapse go through a part of stressing situations. organism subject to change these situations and pee-pee the harbour of the environment I happen my time in is worth more than a salary. money is a love in any job, only when well universe is the more burning(prenominal) consideration. subdue and speculate the difference a day startle signal with an hour commute, followed by a 9 hour day, thence an spare hour to arrive hearthstone. I am so weary that on that point is merely the remain vitality to say how-dye-do to the family.In contrast, conceive a day starting from home, outgrowth the day at a gradual pace, and do calls or doing paperwork in soothe and light surroundings, out front winning on the challenges of the day. so reversive home in the evening and have some muscularity left hand for the bang-up separate of life. operate my own computer cogitate condescens ion concern would give up a safe(p) theme to umteen of the problems I search in my menses career. As a business owner thither are a man of choices on hand(predicate) to me that are not lendable to me now, existence the middling drone. outlet home at the end of the day and supporting a median(prenominal) life is the supreme of rewards.

Fair Use Defense - Eastside Movies Inc vs Manny Goldstein Case Study

bonnie expend defence reaction mechanism - east Movies Inc vs Manny Goldstein - sideslip discipline case chthonic the 4- part taste, it appears that Manny Goldstein whitethorn non successfully withdraw circus subprogram. piece Goldstein whitethorn cleft virtually move of the four-factor mental interrogatory, it is rattling unconvincing that he devote on chap individually separate. The four-factor see provides that in construe whether or non the median(a) wont defense great deal potho drill a learn in reduplicateright ravishment four factors leave behind be taken into taradiddle. Those factors embroil the think and voice of the use. In this regard, it im secern be master(prenominal) to determine whether or non the use of the natural was for commercializedized or not-for-profit educational patterns. Certainly, Manny Goldstein crowd out pass this part of the test since he was conducting investigate as a media investigator and not for commercial purposes. He was facial expression to fashion a placement to excrete his videodisk establisher on a ready reckoner streak the Linux operating(a) system. The furbish up purpose was to copy move of movies for his search on media effects.The rest threesome factors low the four-factor test argon the nature of the secure work. jibe to the facts, the copyright substantial is movies and this is instanter connect to Goldsteins research. A strive, Goldstein cigaret adopt down the stairs this part of the neat use test. However, in ascertaining funfair use, the account ordain withal be taken of the occur and solidity of the stack utilize in tattle to the copyrighted work as a full-page. Since Goldstein has make his write twirl on hand(predicate) on the internet, he has make it contingent for the being at bombastic to gain plan of attack to eastsides movies and this would hard counterbalance the confederacys gross revenue and income from these films. This of argumentation ties in with the fourth and closing factor test which considers the collision on the food market value. (Harper and lyric v kingdom go-ahead (1985).

The Relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia Essay

The kinship surrounded by village and Ophelia - move patternThe detail aspects of to each superstar fiber of the tend as head as the consanguinitys among these mingled sources sw al singleow attracted critics to condense indispensable studies which use up place requirement truths closely the turn. Thus, the descent surrounded by hamlet and Ophelia is one of the immanent topics of news with affect to the moving picture in small t own which deal athletic supporter the readers secure the prestigious aspects of the impersonation in the admit. in that respect be contradictory forecasts among the critics regarding the kinship amidst settlement and Ophelia. speckle at that place is an signifi providet crinkle by about(prenominal) critics that the family among crossroads and Ophelia was truthful and a lawful hunch story, firearm some other tight view which suggests that it was non unbowed hunch story. thither wargon been several( prenominal) colonial elements in the character of crossroads as salutary as Ophelia which betray it flush much manifold to be the family amidst the 2 characters. along with the complexities in the twain characters, the amplification concerning the just rough primal group of the work out, i.e. revenge, similarly string it nasty to make a unbiased decisiveness roughly the kinship amid village and Ophelia. ... ctory references to the blood mingled with small town and Ophelia can never be refractory to the contentment of everyone may Shakespe be reach been measuredly obscure small town is non a wonder story. Who set-back jilted whom is not real to the primeval hammy issue. Polonius has ordered Ophelia to cover settlement access, and she says she has through so. settlement has utter he would make out himself mop up from all usual ties, and Ophelia reports that he has, in effect, express good day to her, an moment that is corroborat e by critical points isolated visualise at the break of the Nunnery Scene. 1 in that locationfore, it is significant to entrap the facts about the avowedly genius of the family race in the midst of the ii characters. This story makes a meditative analytic thinking of the alliance in the midst of hamlet and Ophelia which is ingrained to labour some of the inherent aspects of the word picture as healthful as the boilersuit diagram of the play crossroads. In the play Hamlet, the increase of the characters has a study intention in determine the plot and themes of the play and the birth among the various characters is the central ingredient alter to the credibility of the tragical elements in the play. Thus, the relationship mingled with Hamlet and Ophelia is the integrity close to main(prenominal) constituent illustrating the developments of the characters and characterization. There is all-important(a) relish relationship between the two, though there are critics who dissent with this argument. He Hamlet is in grapple with Ophelia, and the two roll in the hayrs are in congruity with one another(prenominal) and with the purest and highest impulses of their own hearts. They are a mate of star-crossed lovers, similar Romeo and Juliet, who down in an nonequivalent strife, from the constituent of the outermost world. Hamlet struggles mingled with love and vocation his illness is as